Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861.
For the first time this novel appeared in the journal "Russian Messenger" in 1862.
Critics evaluated this novel in different ways.
DI. Pisarev said: "Turgenev's new novel gives us everything that we used to enjoy in his works."
But already another critic M.A. Antonovich said that "the new work of Mr. Turgenev is extremely unsatisfactory in artistic terms."
No matter how this novel is criticized, I believe that in it I.S. Turgenev fully reveals the topical issue not only of his time, but of all generations. The author cannot calmly look at how "fathers" and "children" constantly argue, and therefore writes a novel in which, as mentioned above, he reveals this topic. The protagonist of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. This is a tall man, with a long and thin face, "with a broad forehead, flat upwards, a book-pointed nose, large sand-coloured sideburns." The face "was enlivened with a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence." Bazarov is engaged in medicine, loves the natural sciences, chemistry.
For the first time, the reader meets Bazarov in the scene of the arrival of Bazarov and Arkady home to Arkady. Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov is a friend and student of Yevgeny Bazarov.
Bazarov meets Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, Arkady's father, and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Arkady's uncle.
Arkady answers his uncle's question: "What is Bazarov?" He says that Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, "a person who does not bow to any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respect this principle is surrounded." So, Bazarov is a person who denies everything. After reading this scene where Arkady tells his uncle and father about Bazarov, I still don’t really understand Bazarov himself. I cannot understand what it means to deny everything, what kind of person is Bazarov.
Further, the author explains to us what Arkady wanted to say about Bazarov.
Bazarov was a hunter of women, but love "in the romantic sense he called rubbish, unforgivable nonsense, he considered chivalrous feelings to be something like deformity or illness." He denied love.
Bazarov treats the common people with respect. He deeply sees the people, is able to be with them, believes that the people are equal with him, because he himself comes from the people. Bazarov wants the people to study. At home at Arkady Bazaars, he meets peasants. They talk to him as equals. But when Bazarov arrived at his home, the peasants did not understand him, they laughed at him, because for them Bazarov was a gentleman. They didn't understand what he wanted.
In the Kirsanovs' house, Bazarov always argued with Pavel Petrovich. They have completely opposite views. It even comes down to a duel. Pavel Petrovich does not want to put up with Bazarov. He is looking for any excuse to challenge him to a duel.
I first met Bazarov. He seemed to me a rude, soulless man, not recognizing anything.
But, reading the novel further, I began to understand that Bazarov is not at all what he wants to seem.
Bazarov fell in love with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. In conversations with her, he tried to show his indifference and contempt for everything romantic, and left alone, "he indignantly recognized the romance in himself." Love changed him. He never thought he could truly love, but he did. Bazarov became more humane, began to care more about other people.
He even treated his parents differently.
Previously, he did not like the tenderness of his mother, did not like the fact that his parents "trembled" over him. But after he fell in love, he began to understand what love is.
As soon as Turgenev began to show Bazarov's changes, Bazarov immediately dies. And he dies with just one scratch. He becomes infected with typhus. Thus, the author wants to tell the reader that such great people as Bazarov die quickly, not having time to do everything they wanted. Other people take their place, and this continues from generation to generation.
Having read the novel to the end, I discovered a new Bazarov. I realized that Bazarov is a purposeful, firm person. Despite the fact that Bazarov was a nihilist, he denied all principles, he still had them. He hates "aristocrats", lives by calculation, guided by attraction, denies empty talk, recognizes people who achieve everything with their work. Bazarov loves the people for their originality, but despises them for their ignorance. He stands for honest people in society. All these are the principles of the Democrats. No wonder the author himself said about Bazarov that he was "honest, truthful and a democrat to the end of his nails." I agree with Turgenev. And that's why I like Bazarov. If he is a Democrat, he will be until the end of his life. And what I like about him is that he saw changes in himself and did not deny them.
Turgenev said that when he wrote Bazarov, he felt admiration for him. And when he wrote the scene of his death, he sobbed uncontrollably. And these were not tears of pity, but the traces of an artist who saw the tragedy of a person in whom part of his own ideal was embodied.
Turgenev did not believe that the Bazarovs could lead Russia further, but he did not believe that the Pavel Petrovichs could do it either.
The author wanted to take the positive from some and others and believed that this could give impetus to the development of Russia. But many did not understand him. It so happened that Turgenev himself had to reveal the main idea of the novel.
It means that what a complex and beautiful novel the Turgenevs created, that it is not so easy to understand it. But the author only showed a life that cannot be changed. From this we can conclude that our life is not so easy as it seems.
And Turgenev is a wonderful author who was able to so skillfully reflect difficult life situations in his work.
Not every writer can do this.
Therefore, Turgenev must be thanked for his talent, for his love for the people, for whom he tried to write his work, so that he would learn from the mistakes of the heroes and henceforth not repeat these mistakes in his life.
My opinion about Bazarov.
If we talk about my personal perception of the protagonist of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons",
then I must admit that he is my opposite.
In his character, it seemed, there was much of what a person can be respected for: intelligence, originality, physical strength, self-confidence, and a huge capacity for work.
This nihilist in a dispute beats the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, knows how to make others listen to himself, respect his point of view.
What's the matter, why is he so unpleasant to me?
And only later did I clearly understand what repelled me in this Turgenev hero: selfishness and pride, lack of pity and kindness to others.
Yevgeny Bazarov is not like other literary heroes known to me, created by writers of the 19th century.
Onegin and Pechorin I cannot put next to him.
Perhaps only Chernyshevsky's heroes Lopukhov and Kirsanov partly resemble nihilists, but even they and the "gloomy monster" Rakhmetov seem more human to me.
Bazarov does not look like other Turgenev characters either.
The writer himself acknowledges this fact. With Rudin, Insarov, the hero of "Fathers and Sons" cannot be compared.
Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are no like-minded people. He is not able to maintain a relationship with the woman he loves; his sincere and whole nature does not give in to compromises and does not make concessions; he does not buy a woman's favor by known commitments. But smart women are usually cautious and prudent ... In a word, for Bazarov there are no women who can evoke a serious feeling in him and, for their part, respond warmly to him. “A man must be fierce,” Bazarov cites a Spanish proverb, and he is all in it.
Turgenev repeatedly emphasizes in him an irrepressible, rude, harsh nature. Even love, passion beats in him "strong and heavy", similar to malice, and perhaps akin to malice. Not without reason, and Odintsova, he inspires fear along with respect.
Was Yevgeny Bazarov born with such a strong nature, inclined to command people, keep them in moral submission, accept their services, as if doing them a favor, or did the fact that he - "self-broken" - achieved everything himself? But be that as it may, this is the son of a military doctor - a very strong and outstanding personality in all respects.
Bazarov recognizes only what can be felt with the hands, seen with the eyes, put on the tongue, in a word, only what can be witnessed by one of the five senses. He reduces all other human feelings to the activity of the nervous system; as a result, the enjoyment of the beauties of nature, music, painting, poetry, the love of a woman does not at all seem to him higher than the enjoyment of a hearty dinner or a bottle of good wine.
Bazarov thoroughly knows the natural sciences, with their help he knocked "prejudices" out of his head, but at the same time he remained an extremely uneducated person: he heard something about poetry, something about art, did not bother to think and spit out a sentence unfamiliar to him items.
Turgenev shows that Bazarov is a democrat, a commoner, a man of labor, alien to aristocratic etiquette and conventions. What is his strength? In that he is a representative of the new time. Aristocrats, like Pavel Petrovich, have outlived their own. We needed new people and new ideas.
Evgeny Bazarov throughout the novel shows us this new idea.
The main place in the novel is occupied by scenes of disputes.
The heroes of Turgenev reveal their worldview in direct statements, in clashes with their ideological opponents.
Bazarov is an independent nature, not bowing to any authorities, but judging everything by thoughts.
What is the weakness of Bazarov?
In my opinion, his main weakness is that he only denies, he does not carry anything positive. How can people live in denial?
Today you can also meet people who perfectly criticize the old, perfectly prove that a lot needs to be changed, but they cannot offer anything worthwhile, much less do anything. And Yevgeny Bazarov appropriated to himself the "title" of a nihilist and denies everything: religion, science, family, morality.
It becomes especially creepy when you think about it, that he also denies such things as art, love.
Of course, life is richer than his ideas, and the "theorist" himself falls in love "stupidly, madly."
Maybe someone likes such characters. But for me, a gardener cultivating his small garden, or an illiterate old woman looking after the kids, are much more "heroes" than Bazarov.
After all, they create to the best of their ability, and he only destroys. How can you break it without even knowing why?
Pavel Petrovich cannot understand this. And the "student" of Bazarov Arkady answers him: "We break, because we are strength."
And strength, in his opinion, does not give an account.
Such a blind "power" seems to me very dangerous,
therefore, my attitude towards the protagonist of Turgenev's novel is cautiously negative.
One of my favorite works of Russian writers is Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons. He captivated me from the very first lines. And I cannot but say about my attitude towards the main character, Bazarov.
After reading this work, I had a double impression of Bazarov. On the one hand, this is a strong personality who defends his point of view, despite any reproaches from the outside.
On the other hand, he is very unhappy, and even arouses pity among readers. So let's take a closer look at his views and character in order to express my attitude.
Bazarov is a nihilist from birth. He is not interested in everything that others say. He denies all those bright feelings that many people value so much, saying that this is nonsense. But in fact, it seems to me that he simply did not experience love from his relatives as a child. Therefore, it is difficult for him to believe in such a feeling as love. But in the life of every person there comes a moment when you have to go through it. The same thing happened to our hero. But in his life, in my opinion, love brought only misfortune. After all, everything that he proclaimed earlier turned out to be wrong. A person like Bazarov is not able to survive that feeling when you realize that you have lived all your life wrong, with the wrong point of view.
In general, my attitude towards Bazarov is neutral. I can't say that I like this person or not. But one thing I can say for sure, he makes me sympathize.
Updated: 2017-07-21
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My opinion about Bazarov
If we talk about my personal perception of the protagonist of the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, then I must admit that he is my opposite. In his character, it seemed, there was much of what a person can be respected for: intelligence, originality, physical strength, self-confidence, and a huge capacity for work. This nihilist in a dispute beats the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, knows how to make others listen to himself, respect his point of view. What's the matter, why is he so unpleasant to me? And only later did I clearly understand what repelled me in this Turgenev hero: selfishness and pride, lack of pity and kindness to others.
Yevgeny Bazarov is not like other literary heroes known to me, created by writers of the 19th century. Onegin and Pechorin I cannot put next to him. Perhaps only Chernyshevsky's heroes Lopukhov and Kirsanov partly resemble the nihilists, but even they and the "gloomy monster" Rakhmetov seem more humane to me. Bazarov does not look like other Turgenev characters either. The writer himself acknowledges this fact. With Rudin, Insarov, the hero of "Fathers and Sons" cannot be compared. Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are no like-minded people. He is not able to maintain a relationship with the woman he loves; his sincere and whole nature does not give in to compromises and does not make concessions; he does not buy a woman's favor by known commitments. But smart women are usually cautious and prudent ... In a word, for Bazarov there are no women who can evoke a serious feeling in him and, for their part, respond warmly to him. “A man must be fierce,” Bazarov cites a Spanish proverb, and he is all in it. Turgenev repeatedly emphasizes in him an irrepressible, rude, harsh nature. Even love, passion beats in him “strong and heavy”, similar to malice, and perhaps akin to malice. Not without reason, and Odintsova, he inspires fear along with respect.
Was Yevgeny Bazarov born with such a strong nature, inclined to command people, keep them in moral submission, accept their services, as if doing them a favor, or was it that he - "self-broken" - achieved everything himself? But be that as it may, this is the son of a military doctor - a very strong and outstanding personality in all respects. Bazarov recognizes only what can be felt with the hands, seen with the eyes, put on the tongue, in a word, only what can be witnessed by one of the five senses. He reduces all other human feelings to the activity of the nervous system; as a result, the enjoyment of the beauties of nature, music, painting, poetry, the love of a woman does not at all seem to him higher than the enjoyment of a hearty dinner or a bottle of good wine. Bazarov thoroughly knows the natural sciences, with their help he knocked “prejudices” out of his head, but at the same time he remained an extremely uneducated person: he heard something about poetry, something about art, did not bother to think and spit out a sentence unfamiliar to him items.
Turgenev shows that Bazarov is a democrat, a commoner, a man of labor, alien to aristocratic etiquette and conventions. What is his strength? In that he is a representative of the new time. Aristocrats, like Pavel Petrovich, have outlived their own. We needed new people and new ideas. Evgeny Bazarov throughout the novel
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Bazarov is a unique hero in Russian literature. No one has created such an unusual, vivid and controversial image, either before or after Turgenev. Onegin, Pechorin, Chatsky - all these are heroes of the same scale. But still, Bazarov differs significantly from them. This difference lies in the fact that he is the only one who is so torn apart from the inside by contradictions. And all the listed heroes, although they suffer, are not always in harmony with themselves, but nevertheless they have some kind of inner harmony. In Bazarov, there is rather disharmony. He denies love, but it is love that breaks this strong man. He hates "romanticism" and falls under its influence himself. He condescendingly and coldly treats his parents, although in his soul he is attached to them, perhaps even more strongly than Arkady to Nikolai Petrovich. He shows indifference towards literally every object and phenomenon, and when he has to die, he cherishes the world that he leaves. Therefore, the strongest feeling that Bazarov evokes is compassion. This feeling does not come immediately, but only after reading the book.
At first, in the first chapters, the hero did not cause me any other emotions than irritation. When we first meet him, there is a feeling that there is nothing human about him; no weaknesses, but no strengths either. He acts like a soulless machine, not succumbing to emotions. It is impossible to piss him off, anger, annoy. Of course, it may be objected to me that composure is a wonderful quality in a person. But the fact of the matter is that Bazarov does not give the impression of a man. In his quarrels with Pavel Petrovich, Uncle Arkady looks much prettier, if only because he is alive and has his own personal point of view. And what is the point of view of Bazarov? He takes any statement and simply denies it. He doesn't try to appreciate art. Since he does not pray to understand him, then this is nothing. He has never experienced love, so he has the courage to say that it does not exist at all. But Pavel Petrovich knows that she exists, he went through this test. He has the right to talk about feelings. Therefore, it’s even a little funny to look at Bazarov, listen to his reasoning. He simply cannot understand music, poetry, love. He tries to explain any of these phenomena from a mundane, even physiological point of view. And it's funny too.
However, despite this, Bazarov is a very smart person. He wins over uncle Kirsanov in disputes thanks to his calmness and prudence. But still, in the chapters that are devoted to staying in the Kirsanov family, Bazarov is not very sympathetic to me. Say, why does he treat Arkady so condescendingly, even slightly contemptuously? After all, he enjoys his hospitality and calls him his friend. Perhaps Arkady is blinded, overwhelmed by the authority of Bazarov, but he is by no means stupid. Moreover, in regard to some everyday things, he is much more reasonable than his older comrade. And in the end it turns out to be much happier than him. Bazarov reacted with irony to the news of Arkady's marriage. But, who knows, was there not a certain amount of envy mixed into this?
- a topic worthy of a separate discussion, in relation to them he sometimes behaves extremely ugly. For example, in the case when he kissed Fenechka. At the same time, he is well aware of her relationship with Nikolai Petrovich. He is trying to put a barrier between himself and his parents, but why? After all, better than anyone else, he knows that the meaning of their existence is concentrated in him. Finally, his cynical remarks about Odintsova are very unpleasant. But here he can find an excuse: with his cynicism, he seeks to mask the feeling that is born in his soul. Love for Odintsova, in my eyes, is Bazarov's complete justification. This feeling for him is both punishment, and a lesson, and redemption at the same time.
Love for a woman like Odintsova is an ordeal in itself. But when a person denies in principle the existence of such a feeling, then love becomes an unbearable test for him. Bazarov breaks down. Hearing a refusal from the lips of a beloved woman, he literally becomes a different person. He tries to forget himself: either he works feverishly, or he falls into apathy. And here already the reader's irritation from his unsubstantiated statements, arrogance, selfishness develops into a completely different feeling - a feeling of compassion, sympathy. There can be nothing worse for a strong man than to be defeated. And Bazarov, moreover, was defeated by that, the existence of which he completely denied.
He finally understands himself that he is quite an ordinary person. And, like any other person, he can fall under the influence of "romanticism" so hated by him. Of course, at the end of the novel, Bazarov can in no way be called pathetic. But the collapse of hopes and beliefs knocked him down. He seemed to be getting smaller. Misfortune dries a person.
Bazarov is a hero who commands respect. His willpower, his mind, character, determination are very attractive traits. When it turns out that he is subject to human feelings and is able to admit his mistakes, is even able to fight with what is stronger than him, all this raises him in the eyes of the reader. At least in my eyes, this makes him a more than worthy person. The irritation and rejection that the hero caused at the beginning of the novel are somehow smoothed out, gradually erased and turn into a mixed feeling of respect and sympathy.