Characteristics of the literary hero Pavel Mechik is an intelligent young man who graduated from high school. There are many immature traits in his character. Looking for adventures and exploits, M. falls into the partisan detachment of Shaldyba. Gradually, he finds out that "the people around him did not at all resemble those created by his ardent imagination."
In the battle, M. is wounded, and Frost saves him, who did not like M. at first sight. In the hospital, M. yearns for a peaceful life and silence. He falls in love with a sister of mercy - Varya, Morozka's wife. In it, he seeks protection, warmth and care. He dreams of returning to the city with Varya, but “everything the Mechik thought about was not real, but the way he would like to see everything.”
Having recovered, M. falls into Levinson's detachment. Here he "found universal dislike as a" quitter and asked "for not caring for his" insulting mare ".
M. condemns Levinson for his cruel deeds, but cannot oppose anything to the decisions of the commander. For his part, Levinson considers M. "an impenetrable confusion", "lazy and weak-willed", "a worthless empty flower."
In the final chapter, M., who was the first scout, shamefully runs away from the Cossacks, dooming other partisans to death. Later, when the pursuit subsided, the hero realizes the consequences of his act: “What have I done… oh-oh-oh… what have I done,” he repeated…” But the author immediately clarifies that “he suffered not so much because because of This act of his killed dozens of people who trusted him, many because the indelibly dirty, disgusting stain of this act contradicted all that good and pure that he found in himself. After thinking a little more, M. feels joyful freedom: “He still condemned himself and repented, but he could no longer suppress personal hopes and joys that immediately stirred in him when he thought that now he was completely free and could go where there is no this terrible life and where no one knows about his act.

Essay on literature on the topic: Sword (The defeat of Fadeev)

Other writings:

1. Defeat The commander of the partisan detachment, Levinson, orders orderly Morozka to take the package to another detachment. Frost does not want to go, he offers to send someone else; Levinson calmly orders the orderly to hand over his weapons and go to all four directions. Frost, having changed his mind, takes the letter and goes Read More ......
2. I want to tell you about A. Fadeev's book Rout, which I read recently. Razgrom made a big impression on me. In this essay, I would like to review this work and I hope that I will cope with this task. The events in the novel take place Read More ......
3. Levinson Characteristics of the literary hero Levinson Joseph (Osip) Abramovich is the commander of a partisan detachment. “He was so small, unsightly in appearance - all consisted of a hat, a red beard and ichigov above the knees.” But the main feature of L.'s appearance is “blue as whirlpools”, “deep Read More ......
4. Alexander Alexandrovich Fadeev, having passed the roads of the civil war, knew life very well. He wanted to share his impressions with people, to have his say in literature. In 1927, the first novel of the writer, Rout, was published, in which the author tells about human destinies on the difficult Trtisan Read More ......
5. In order to take a closer look at "The Rout", it is necessary to briefly convey the content. The novel deals with a heterogeneous partisan mass. The revolutionary wave affected the interests of all groups of the population. One of the main characters, partisan commander Levinson, is a man of the “right breed”, whom everyone loved and respected. His Read More ......
6. Reading A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout", you involuntarily wonder who Russia needs more: a thinking, educated, knowledgeable and understanding person or an unquestioning executor of someone else's will. At all times, truly talented and intelligent people in our country were blocked by all means. Created Read More ......
7. The sword is one of the main characters of A. Fadeev's novel "Rout". He first appears on the pages of the work, when the brave, desperate, slightly reckless Frost saves him from certain death. The first characteristic that the writer gives to the hero is very laconic and precise: “clean”. Fadeev writes: Read More ......
8. A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout" can be called innovative. This is manifested in the sufficient objectivity of the author in covering the events and characters. Fadeev's heroes are not divided into strictly positive and negative, they are more vital and ambiguous. The most striking characters of the novel, of course, can be called Read More ......

Sword (The defeat of Fadeev)

A. Fadeev defined the main idea of ​​the novel “The Rout” as follows: “In the civil war, the selection of human material takes place. Everything that is unable to fight is eliminated. People are changing." No matter how contradictory the assessment of the events of the civil war from the standpoint of

Today, the undoubted merit of Fadeev is that he showed the civil war from the inside. The author highlights not military actions, but a person.
It is no coincidence that Fadeev chooses to describe in the novel the time when the detachment was already defeated. He wants to show not only the successes of the Red Army, but also its failures. In the dramatic events of this time, the characters of people are deeply revealed. The central place in the novel is occupied by the images of the detachment commander Levinson, Frost and Mechik. All of them are connected by the same conditions of life, and this helps the reader to judge the characters of these heroes.
Ivan Morozov, or Morozka, as he is called, did not look for new roads in life. This is a natural in his actions, a talkative and broken guy of twenty-seven years, a miner in the second generation. Through life, he walked the old, long-established paths. The rescue of the Mechik became, as it were, the impetus for the remaking of Frost. We see that the hero feels compassion for Mechik, he shows courage, but there is also contempt for this person, whom he considers “clean”.
Frost is greatly offended that Varya falls in love with Mechik. “In entogo, mother’s, or what?” he asks her and contemptuously calls Mechik “yellow-mouthed”. It contains pain and anger. And now he steals melons. And he is very afraid that he will be expelled from the army for this offense. It is impossible for him, he has already got used to these people. And he has nowhere to go. At the “court” he sincerely says: “Yes, if only I. did this. if I thought. Is it me, brothers! Yes, I’ll give blood by the vein for everyone, and not that it would be a shame or something!”
Frost failed in personal relationships. After all, he has no one closer to Varya, and he has to cope with personal problems on his own. He is alone and seeks salvation in the detachment. He is truly devoted to his teammates. Frost respects Levinson, Baklanov, Dubov, even tries to imitate them. They saw in Frost not only a good fighter, but also a sympathetic person, they always supported him. Frost can be trusted - after all, it is he who is sent on the last reconnaissance. And this hero, at the cost of his life, warns people of danger. Even in the last moments of his life, he thinks not of himself, but of others. For dedication and courage, for kindness - after all, Morozka did not take revenge on Mechik for his lost wife - the author loves his hero and conveys this love to the reader.
Like Morozka, Fadeev shows the commander of the Levinson detachment as a living person with his inherent hesitations and feelings. The author does not idealize this hero. Outwardly, he is inconspicuous, similar to a gnome with his small stature and red beard. He was always on the alert: he was afraid that his detachment would be taken by surprise, and began to prepare for resistance, but in such a way that no one knew about it. He is alert and insightful. All partisans considered him "correct".
But Levinson himself saw his own weaknesses, as well as the weaknesses of other people. When the squad gets into a difficult situation, Levinson tries to be an example for the rest. When this does not work, he begins to use the force of power, coercion (remember how he drives a fighter into the river at gunpoint). Being sometimes cruel makes him a sense of duty, which for Levinson is above all. He gathers all his strength in himself, and the detachment under his leadership breaks forward ... But after the breakthrough, Levinson no longer has the strength. When physical fatigue almost wins, Baklanov comes to his aid. This young naive "boy" was able to lead the detachment forward. Levinson is weak, but this suggests that it is not the commander that comes to the fore in his behavior, but the person. Fadeev sees the shortcomings of his hero and believes that he lacks vitality, courage, and will. In Levinson, we are attracted by the fact that all his thoughts and actions express the interests of the detachment, people. His personal experiences fade into the background.
The images of Frost, Metelitsa and other members of the detachment are contrasted with the image of the Sword. This is a nineteen-year-old young man who voluntarily came to the detachment to amuse his pride and vanity. Therefore, he rushes to the hottest place in order to prove himself as quickly as possible. This person fails to get close to the rest of the squad, because most of all he loves himself. He always thought only of himself, so he was an outsider in the detachment. Mechik has the idea of ​​desertion, although he himself came to the detachment. This is exactly what speaks of the true intentions of the Sword. He did not serve the cause, but simply wanted to show off his prowess.
Therefore, we can say that the squad is a single entity, and the Sword stands apart from the rest. And when he finally deserts, the reader is not surprised. And what does Mechik think about when he deserts? “. How could I do this - I, so good and honest and who did not wish harm to anyone. And after all, it is the Sword that is the cause of Frost's death. It seems to me that this hero of the work is best characterized by the words of Levinson, who called Mechik a “worthless empty flower”, weak, lazy and weak-willed. And although the collective hero of A. Fadeev's novel "Rout" is a military detachment operating in the Far East, he does not appear to us as something unified. Too different people enter it. Each person is a person who has his own social roots, dreams and moods. This is confirmed by the images of Frost, Levinson and Mechik, which are so different from each other.

In 1927, A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout" was published, in which the author turned to the events of the revolution and the civil war. By that time, this topic was already sufficiently covered in the literature. Some writers considered the events that completely changed the life of the country as the greatest tragedy of the people, others portrayed everything in a romantic halo.

Aleksandrovich approached the coverage of the revolutionary movement somewhat differently. He continued the traditions of L. Tolstoy in the study of the human soul and created a psychological novel, which was often blamed on him by the "new writers" who rejected classical traditions.

The plot and composition of the work

The action develops in the Far East, where the combined troops of the White Guards and the Japanese waged a fierce struggle against the partisans of Primorye. The latter often found themselves in complete isolation and were forced to act independently without receiving support. It is precisely in such a situation that Levinson's detachment finds itself, about which Fadeev's novel "Rout" narrates. An analysis of his composition determines the main task that the writer set himself: to create psychological portraits of the people of the revolution.

The novel of 17 chapters can be divided into 3 parts.

1. Chapters 1-9 - an extensive exposition introducing the situation and the main characters: Morozka, Mechik, Levinson. The detachment is on vacation, but its commander must maintain discipline in the "combat unit" and be ready to act at any moment. Here the main conflicts are outlined and the action begins.
2. 10-13 chapters - the squad makes endless transitions and enters into minor collisions with the enemy. Fadeev Alexander Alexandrovich pays great attention to the development of the characters of the main characters, who often find themselves in difficult situations.
3. Chapters 14-17 - the climax of the action and the denouement. Of the entire detachment, forced to fight alone, only 19 people remain alive. But the main focus is on Frost and Mechik, who find themselves in equal conditions - in the face of death.

Thus, in the novel there is no heroic description of the military exploits of people who defend the ideas of the revolution. To show the influence of the events that took place on the formation of the human personality - A. Fadeev strove for this. “Defeat” is an analysis of a difficult situation when there is a “selection of human material”. In such conditions, according to the author, everything “hostile is swept away”, and “what has risen from the true roots of the revolution ... is tempered, grows, develops.”

Antithesis as the main device of the novel

Opposition in the work occurs at all levels. It also concerns the position of the opposing sides ("Reds" - "Whites"), and the moral analysis of the actions of people involved in the events that served as the basis of Fadeev's novel "The Rout".

An analysis of the images of the main characters, Frost and Sword, makes it clear that they are opposed in everything: origin and education, appearance, actions performed and their motivation, relationships with people, place in the squad. Thus, the author gives his answer to the question, what is the path of different social groups in the revolution.

Frost

The reader gets acquainted with the "miner in the second generation" already in the 1st chapter. This is a young man who goes through a difficult path

At first it seems that Morozka consists of only flaws. Rude, uneducated, constantly violating discipline in the detachment. He did all his actions thoughtlessly, and life was seen by him as "simple, unwise." At the same time, the reader immediately notices his courage: he, risking his life, saves a completely unknown person - Mechik.

Frost is given a lot of attention in Fadeev's novel "Rout". An analysis of his actions allows us to understand how the attitude of the hero towards himself and those around him changed. The first significant event for him was the trial for the theft of melons. Frost was shocked and frightened that he might be expelled from the detachment, and for the first time he gives the "miner's" word to improve, which he will never violate. Gradually, the hero realizes his responsibility to the detachment, learns to live meaningfully.

Frost's advantage was also the fact that he clearly knew why he came to the detachment. He was always drawn only to the best people, of whom there are many in Fadeev's novel "The Rout". An analysis of the actions of Levinson, Baklanov, Goncharenko will become the basis for the formation of the best moral qualities in the former miner. A devoted comrade, a selfless fighter, a person who feels responsible for his actions - this is how Frost appears in the final, when at the cost of his own life he saves the squad.

sword

Absolutely different Paul. First introduced in the rushing crowd, he will not find a place for himself until the end of the novel.

The sword is introduced into Fadeev's novel "The Rout" not by chance. A city dweller, educated and well-mannered, clean (words with diminutive suffixes are often used in the description of the hero) - this is a typical representative of the intelligentsia, whose attitude to the revolution has always caused controversy.

The sword often causes contempt for itself. Once he imagined the romantic, heroic environment that would await him in the war. When the reality turned out to be completely different (“dirtier, lousier, tougher”), he experienced great disappointment. And the more Mechik was in the detachment, the thinner the connection between him and the partisans became. Pavel does not use the opportunity to become part of the "detachment mechanism" - Fadeev gives them to him more than once. The "rout", the problems of which are also associated with the role of the intelligentsia cut off from the people's roots in the revolution, ends with the moral fall of the hero. He betrays the detachment, and the condemnation of his own cowardice is quickly replaced by joy at the fact that his "terrible life" is now over.

Levinson

This character starts and ends the story. The role of Levinson is significant: he contributes to the unity of the detachment, unites the partisans into one whole.

The hero is interesting already because his appearance (because of his short stature and the wedge, he resembled the Dwarf's Sword) did not correspond in any way to the image of the heroic commander in a leather jacket created in the literature. But the unsightly appearance only emphasized the originality of the individual. The attitude of all the heroes of Fadeev's novel "The Rout" towards him, the analysis of actions and thoughts prove that Levinson was an indisputable authority for everyone in the detachment. No one could even imagine the commander doubting, he always served as a model of a "special, correct breed." Even the moment when the last thing is taken away from the peasants to save the detachment is seen, for example, by Morozka not as a robbery, similar to the theft of melons, but as a necessary deed. And only the reader becomes a witness that Levinson is a living person with fears and insecurities inherent in everyone.

It is also noteworthy that difficulties only temper the commander, make him stronger. Only such a person, according to the writer, is able to lead people.

The idea of ​​the novel as Fadeev saw it

“The Defeat”, the content and theme of which is largely explained by the author himself, shows how the true character of a person is manifested in the process of complex historical events.

The "huge remake of people" concerns representatives of different ages and social groups. Some come out of trials with dignity, while others reveal emptiness and worthlessness.

Today, Fadeev's work is perceived ambiguously. So, the indisputable merits of the novel include a deep analysis of the psychology of the main characters, especially since it was practically the first attempt in post-revolutionary literature. But at the same time, it is difficult to agree with the opinion that for the sake of the triumph of an idea, all methods are good, even the murder of the mortally wounded Frolov. No goals can justify cruelty and violence - this is the main principle of the inviolable laws of humanism, on which humanity rests.

With the victory of the young Soviet Republic, a new life burst spontaneously into art. The theme of the noisy war seemed to be the main one in the work of Soviet writers. To write about the Civil War meant to write about the revolution, about a new life, about a new era, about a new man. “Rout” was conceived in the first post-October years, because the memories of the events of the Civil War in the Far East, in which the author participated, were still fresh. In "Rout" we see Fadeev's attitude to war as to evil, which brings blood, suffering, death. But Fadeev looks at the war not as an observer, but as a direct participant in the events. In his novel, the author reflected the awakened consciousness of the masses in the new conditions.

In order to take a closer look at "The Rout", it is necessary to briefly convey the content. The novel deals with a heterogeneous partisan mass. The revolutionary wave affected the interests of all groups of the population. One of the main characters, partisan commander Levinson, is a man of the “right breed”, whom everyone loved and respected. His small partisan detachment is experiencing hunger, fatigue, deprivation, constant threats to life, death of many, many. I see that events are unfolding on the outskirts of the former tsarist Russia, in the midst of the people, among the oppressed and oppressed people. The representatives of the people are the miners' mass, from which the desperate Morozka, responsible and executive Dubov stands out, from the peasants - the former shepherd Metelitsa, a brave and courageous person. Representatives of the intelligentsia are Mechik and Dr. Stashinsky. Levinson's small partisan detachment, making its way to its own, defends itself against the many times superior enemy forces, courageously overcomes various obstacles in its path. The end of the novel is dramatic. The detachment is ambushed, leaving nineteen people. The partisans are defeated, but at the end of the novel I see a bright and encouraging beginning, which is shown through Morozka's desperate feat. In the last lines of the novel, we see the author's hope for a brighter future, which is expressed in the words: "I had to live and fulfill my duties."

Now let's discuss the heroes of the novel, each of which is individual in its own way. It should be distinguished from the characters of the detachment commander Levinson, who does not have a bright appearance, but has the talent of a leader. Levinson feels responsible for the people entrusted to him. He is a real Bolshevik leader, a conscious leader of the masses, a man of a “special, correct breed”, ready for self-denial for the sake of his ideals. Levinson enjoys real respect, serves as a role model for young Baklanov. However, Fadeev, in my opinion, somewhat idealizes his hero. After all, if you look closely, you can see that Levinson is quite an ordinary person with weaknesses and shortcomings. The fact is that he knows how to hide and suppress all his fears and doubts, painful discord. Levinson is very skillful in directing people.

Young Baklanov tries to imitate his commander in every detail. The author shows that the assistant commander is gaining experience for the future. Fadeev draws the image of a reasonable Goncharenko. I believe that this demolitionist is also to some extent a “right” person. I read how clearly and selflessly Goncharenko acted during the retreat, skillfully blew up the highway, how judiciously and intelligently he spoke with the partisans. Such people are infinitely devoted to the revolution and its ideals, they know what they are doing and where they are going, what they are fighting for.

There are few characters in the novel, but Fadeev carefully examined each personality, its formation and development. Therefore, before showing a person at the height of heroism, the writer depicts him in an ordinary setting. Fadeev shows the difficult life of the partisans, their everyday life. For example, Morozka went through a thorny path, turning from a negligent partisan into a “serviceable” partisan. At the beginning of the novel, I see Frost's inconscience and indiscipline, his rude treatment of Varya, who wanted pure and sincere love. But this participation in the struggle gave rise to his moral re-education. His life becomes more meaningful, he tries to comprehend his actions and the world around him. "Careless mischief" Frost turns into responsibility, there is a formation of personality. As a result, Frost performs a truly heroic deed at the end of the novel, sacrificing his life for the sake of his comrades. The former shepherd Metelitsa also stands out in the novel. This hero is brave and impetuous, his courage admires those around him.

The blizzard was formed by itself, in the elements of working life. In this case, the revolution helped the hero not to lose his wonderful qualities. He gets the opportunity to use and reveal them to the fullest. Metelitsa fascinates me: its fire, movement, predatory eyes, determination, swiftness, lightning speed. Fadeev showed the formation of spontaneity into a conscious beginning on the example of Morozka. The blizzard, in my opinion, is an addition to Levinson's image. The doubts and experience of the commander are combined with the determined Metelitsa. This can be seen in the example of how deftly Levinson replaces Metelitsa's impetuous plan with a more calm and cautious one. The author shows the virtues of Metelitsa, which Frost is not endowed with. But each hero is individual and unique in his own way. Frost's natural behavior at the beginning of the novel is characterized by laxity, hooliganism, recklessness and lack of accountability for many actions.

But if the author sympathizes with Metelitsa and Morozka, then Fadeev feels complete antipathy for Mechik. The author shows how the petty-bourgeois intellectual Mechik is looking for romance and heroic deeds in the Civil War. But, seeing the routine, theft, bullying, ridicule, swearing in the partisan masses, Mechik is disappointed; The sword is moral, but its qualities are manifested only in words, not in deeds. The sword only thinks about saving his own life, he is unreliable. Coming into contact with the complexity of real life, he is lost, he has no ideals left: neither the desired feat, nor pure love for a woman. His cowardice and insecurity soon give rise to betrayal, which Fadeev stigmatizes. The swordsman possesses an abstract humanism that is passive and does not require cruelty or harshness. However, this humanism causes suffering. Taking pity on Frolov, Mechik only made him worse, caused him suffering. His morality is directed against him. In my opinion, he was not created for exploits and war, and indeed for the kind of life in which he is now. His soul is too pampered, conscientious and vulnerable. Fadeev shows that the partisan environment did not accept this intellectual. The author emphasizes the uselessness of the intelligentsia in the Bolshevik struggle. But not all intellectuals are like Mechik.

It seems to me that Mechik is simply not ready to fight, his insecurity and youthful romanticism gave rise to negative qualities. As a result, he betrayed his comrades. The urban environment played an important role in the formation of the personality of this hero. Fadeev does not accept Mechik, although he sympathizes with the doctor Stashinsky. A doctor is an intellectual, but he is infinitely devoted to his work, to his ideals, which he will never betray. This is illustrated by the example of Frolov's murder. Even in critical situations, it is impossible to kill a hopeless patient, but in this case it is also impossible not to do this. From this I can conclude that the intelligentsia also plays an essential role in the revolution.

So, on the example of this small detachment, we see the spontaneous and conscious formation of the masses. This is what determines the main and main idea of ​​"The Defeat". Fadeev defined it as follows: “... in a civil war, the selection of human material takes place, everything hostile is swept away by the revolution, everything incapable of a real revolutionary struggle, accidentally falling into the camp of the revolution, is eliminated, and everything that has risen from the true roots of the revolution, from the millions of people is tempered, grows, develops in this struggle. There is a huge transformation of people.” In the novel there is selection, and screening, and alteration of people. But this “selection of human material” is carried out by the war itself. As a result, the best people who have already managed to fall in love with the reader die: Metelitsa, Baklanov. After his spiritual development, Morozka dies heroically. Such useless people as Chizh remain in the detachment. But Fadeev fanatically believed that there was a breakthrough to goodness and justice, to a new spiritual life, to free joyful work without the bourgeoisie. But the reality was sometimes quite different, realism takes root in life, showing a heroic personality, elevating and developing the germs of communism in the imagination. I want to note that the study of people and events does not always lead to a positive result. Negative sides are also revealed that cannot be hidden and smoothed over, justice is not always clean.

However, we must give credit to Fadeev for the fact that he vividly revealed the theme, idea and composition of the novel, and also clearly stated two main concepts. The first is the unity of the world and man in it, and the second is humanism. Fadeev showed us not only a partisan detachment, but also a picture of peasant life, without which a description of the partisans is unthinkable, because almost all of them came from peasants. Let's remember Snowstorm and Frost. Goncharenko claimed that a man was sitting in each of them. The author shows the inseparability of people and the peasant world. Humanism in "The Rout" is shown not through a merciful attitude towards the wives and children of the enemy, but through the impact of new relationships on the characters and personality of people.

Fadeev defined the main theme and idea in the “remaking of people”. It is this main idea that the composition is subordinated to. There are few characters in the novel, but the author carefully examines each personality. The first half of the novel is subordinated to this deep analysis of changes in the inner world of a person in the course of the struggle. The author tells about a man, about his fate, about his trials. No wonder the beginning of the defeat is described only in the tenth chapter. But even during hostilities, Fadeev first of all shows the state, behavior and feelings of the participants in the battle. The author completes the character of the hero by his actions. In his novel, the author affirms the invincibility of the people in the war. Fadeev was a true soldier of the party, a true fighter for a brighter future. Of course, he saw the dark side of reality, but he firmly believed that they would soon disappear. And we must pay tribute to Fadeev for such devotion to the cause, for dedication and work.

Fadeev's novel still causes heated controversy. His heroes are real, alive, but many see them as state orders and Soviet revolutionary propaganda. And although history has now turned against the “Reds”, there are still millions of people in the country who are close to the position of Morozka and Levinson, but there are those who sympathize with Mechik, they are against goodness and freedom mixed with blood.

The author wrote the novel at the age of 25, but despite this, the work was quite mature. Critics immediately noted the talent of the writer. The work brought him success and recognition, because the ideological basis of the book was very suitable for the political course of the new state. The action in "Rout" takes place during the Civil War in the Ussuri region. Alexander Alexandrovich himself fought in the 1920s in the Far East against the army of Kolchak and Semyonov and personally experienced the hardships of battles. Therefore, the descriptions of combat sorties and front-line life look so convincing and lively, as if the reader himself was a witness to these events and is now listening to a nostalgic story of a comrade of those years.

the main idea

Fadeev spoke about the main idea of ​​the work as follows:

The first and main thought: in a civil war, the selection of human material takes place, everything hostile is swept away by the revolution, everything incapable of real revolutionary struggle, accidentally falling into the camp of the revolution, is eliminated, and everything that has risen from the true roots of the revolution, from the millions of people, is tempered, grows, develops in this fight. There is a huge transformation of people. This alteration is successful because the revolution is led by the leading representatives of the working class - the communists, who clearly see the goal of the movement and who lead the more backward and help them to re-educate.

And, indeed, throughout the story, in the center of which there are three heroes, we see how they change. The author describes in detail their experiences, dreams, desires, suffering, thoughts. Many critics even accused Fadeev of excessive internal probing of the characters, of unnecessary "Tolstoyism". But without this, it would be simply impossible to reveal the images of Frost, Mechik and Levinson. The writer managed to overcome the superficiality of socialist realism and preserve in literature the psychologism typical of classical Russian prose.

Image of Frost

The heroes are representatives of different strata of society, with different fates, but they were united by the revolution. They ended up in the same squad, fighting side by side with the enemy, experiencing similar feelings every day. The author describes in detail the development of each of them.

Morozka is a miner's guy who has been living a physically difficult but careless life since childhood. At the age of 12, he already started working at the mine, learned to swear and drink vodka. Fadeev writes that Morozka got into the detachment, most likely thoughtlessly, it was just that then it was impossible to do otherwise. It turns out that he appeared with his wife Varka among the partisans by chance, unconsciously, fate itself led him there. But in the first chapter, we see that Morozka values ​​his place in the detachment and will never leave him, this has become the meaning of his worthless, aimless life. He initially has the ability to implement real honest deeds, but he can also easily commit a low, disgraceful act. Frost does not betray his comrades, saves Mechik's life, but then steals melons from Ryabets, with whom he slept under the same blanket and lived with him. Later, Frost changes. The author describes its development in the following way: “He also thought about the fact that life is becoming more cunning, the old suchan paths are overgrown, you have to choose the Road yourself.” This suggests that the hero is already quite consciously choosing his path. Then Frost makes his own decisions. At the trial, he promises that he will never again dare to disgrace their detachment, says that he is ready to shed blood for each of them. The soldier has long become an integral part of the detachment, these are his dearest people, for whom, in the finale of the novel, he gives his life without hesitation. Such people are needed in the revolution. There is no selfishness in them, and they love their comrades more than themselves.

Levinson's image

Levinson is completely different. He is a squad leader and is a role model for most partisans. Everyone considers him the strongest, bravest, smartest person who always knows how to do the right thing. In fact, Levinson grew up in an ordinary Jewish family, helped his father sell used furniture, was afraid of mice and was in many ways similar to his partisans. But he knew that he could only lead people by hiding all his fears and anxieties deeply, he should be an example for them to follow. Levinson, like Frost, loves his comrades more than himself and his suffering. He knows for sure that there is an important cause for which he lives and is ready for anything.

Image of the Sword

The sword is the exact opposite of Frost. A guy from an intelligent family, he graduated from the gymnasium and got into the detachment of his own free will, only he had completely different ideas about the revolution, the struggle, they are too bookish, romantic. In life, everything turned out differently, but Mechik did not immediately understand that this was not his environment. The author shows his long way to betrayal.

Fadeev immediately imagines him through the eyes of Morozka, who does not like such too clean people, his experience says that these are unreliable comrades who cannot be trusted. But at first, Mechik wanted to fight and move, young hot blood seethed in him. He was not immediately accepted by the partisans, as he was very different from them in appearance. Seeing real, living people - rude, dirty, uncouth - he was disappointed. The image of the Sword is written in the most detail, since it is important to know how seemingly good guys become traitors. Fadeev describes this process in detail. The author writes about him without contempt, he seems to justify his fall into sin. After all, it was the partisans themselves who did not accept him, and the main reason for this was that he belonged to a different class. He was constantly offended, mocked and ridiculed. He was always, in fact, alone, and loneliness pushes people to desperate acts. The sword, unfortunately, fell into the wrong environment, but it was no longer possible to leave in an amicable way. Fadeev leaves him alive, he will have to live with his betrayal. The hero will be able to justify himself, because more than anything in the world he loves only himself, such as he is. People like him have no place in the revolutionary ranks. He is too weak to fight.

Main problems

When it comes to a big and responsible business, it is important to understand all its aspects and if you take on it, then stand to the end. If you rush around, then nothing good will come of it. In this sense, the problem of betrayal is central to the novel. It is to her that the author devotes a lot of time and effort. His position is not one-sided: he does not judge, but tries to understand. So he wants to prove to people that it is not worth chopping off the shoulder if they have a traitor in front of them. It is necessary to take into account the reasons that prompted a person to become one. In this case, one cannot blame the intelligentsia's class failure for everything, as Soviet literary scholars hastened to do on orders from "above". The roots of a moral crime are much deeper, because we have before us an almost biblical story: the denial of the Apostle Peter from his teacher. This is exactly what Sword did, and his betrayal was also foretold. This means that the problem of moral choice has confronted humanity from the very first day and still stands unchanged. Someone initially does not have the fortitude to defend their beliefs, so at a crossroads they choose a crooked path in order to save their lives.

The author also found the courage to look at the revolution from different points of view. Someone imagines it as a romantic aspiration, while someone sees a real struggle with blood, sweat and death at every turn. However, a realist runs the risk of becoming a cynic and a meat-cutter, going to the goal, no matter what. And a romantic can break down and turn off the path at the cost of considerable sacrifice. It is important to maintain a balance and perceive the revolution soberly, but at the same time obey the highest moral laws and follow the ideal, not agreeing to compromises.

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