Ilya Muromets, the legendary Russian hero and one of the central characters of ancient Russian epics, was widely known both in his homeland and far beyond its borders, for example, in ancient German poems of the 13th century there is a mention of the Russian valiant knight Ilya the Russian.

The Russian hero, defender of Russian lands, brave and mighty warrior Ilya Muromets is not a mythical epic character, but a real person who lived around the 12th century in Rus' and was buried in the caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in the mid-17th century; his memory day is revered by Orthodox Christians on January 1 (December 19).

By the way, he is the heavenly protector of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation, so Russian soldiers especially honor him and ask for help and intercession in difficult times.

The image of a hero - the birth, calling of an epic hero

(V. Vasnetsov "Heroic Leap" 1914)

The future defender of the Russian land was born in 1143 to the peasants Ivan and Efrosinya Timofeev in the village of Karacharovo near Murom in the Vladimir region. His name was not found in the historical chronicles of those years, but this may be due to the fact that Russian cities and villages were often subjected to raids by Tatars and Polovtsians, and historical documents were simply destroyed in fires and robberies.

In the 80s of the twentieth century, anthropologists examined the remains of St. Ilya Muromets, preserved to this day in the Lavra, have established that he was a large, tall (height 177 cm) man with a powerful build. He died at the age of about 45-55 years from numerous wounds and fractures received as a result of blows with a sword, spear and saber, which confirms his epic feats of arms.

Scientists also found that this man suffered from paraplegia at an early age and could not walk. As it is written in the epics, “Elijah sat for thirty years and three years and could not walk in his legs,” he was miraculously healed by walking Kalikas, who asked him to drink some water. Then Ilya felt unprecedented strength in his legs, was able to stand up and give water to the wanderers. So he was healed and received a blessing for exploits for the glory of the Fatherland, which he immediately began, devoting his entire future life to serving the Russian people and their defense.

The years that he spent, practically imprisoned within four walls, strengthened his character, which, according to epic storytellers, was distinguished by great patience, meekness and amazing fortitude.

Glorious exploits of the Russian hero

(Still from the film "Ilya Muromets" 1956)

The exploits of Russian heroes described in epics, no matter how fantastic and amazing they may be, have a real basis, because they still echo real events that took place in real life, slightly embellished and with the addition of a bit of fiction and fantasy that composed them of people.

One of the most famous exploits of Ilya Muromets is his battle and victory over the legendary Nightingale the Robber, who robbed and killed innocent people and merchants on the way to Kyiv. The Kiev prince Mstislav, who ruled at that time, organized a princely squad to protect merchants and their goods, and most likely appointed it as its leader the experienced and wise warrior Ilya Muromets, who at that time served in this squad. Having defeated in battle the whistler-robber Nightingale the Robber, who personified in the epics all the dashing people of that time, the Russian legendary hero cleared the way to Kyiv, thereby, in the opinion of the people, having accomplished considerable feats of arms and a good deed for the entire Russian land.

Other exploits of the famous Russian hero, who was revered and glorified by the Russian people for all his glorious deeds for the benefit of the Fatherland, are also known, this is his victory over the Pogany Idol (most likely this is a collective image of all the nomads who attacked Russian lands), the fight against Babka-Gorynka, A Jew, various robbers and dashing people.

(Boris Fedorovich Andreev - People's Artist of the USSR in the role of Ilya Muromets)

And although Ilya Muromets, according to the epic storytellers, never suffered defeats and always won in battle, he was never proud of this and did not flaunt himself, and he pardoned his defeated enemies and even released them on all four sides.

Having received an incurable wound in the chest in one of the battles, the Russian hero retired from military affairs and, having taken monastic vows, began to live in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Not much is known about this side of his life; he died at the age of 45 from a puncture wound in the heart (there is a version that the warrior monk was killed in his last battle, when he defended Kyiv from an attack by the Polovtsians). He was buried with special honors on the territory of the St. Sophia Cathedral, which at that time was the main tomb of the great Russian princes. Later, his remains were reburied in one of the caves of the Lavra, where his incorruptible relics are kept to this day.

Victory
Russian
hero
Ilya Muromets

The first heroes
Rus'

Ilya's first feat was the feat
mercy, for which the elders rewarded him
healing and heroic strength.

The first test of heroic strength is
fight with the Nightingale the Robber. He captivated
robber, tied him up and took him to the city
Kyiv to Prince Vladimir.

Ilya Muromets and the Filthy Idol. Ilya
dressed in peasant clothes and
went to the filthy Idol for alms
ask. Idolishche mocked, mocked, not
Ilya Muromets endured here, grabbed
The idol and his servants were smashed on the floor
interrupted.

Ilya Muromets and the Invader Bogatyr.
Once upon a time, Ilya Muromets traveled across Rus'
take a walk and check the boundaries and see what's on
On Russian soil, a foreign hero is having fun.
He saw Ilya Muromets and stood over him
laugh and praise yourself. Ilya could not stand it and
grabbed his sword. For three days and three nights they
fought tirelessly, and on the third day
Elijah defeated the stranger.

The last feat of Ilya Muromets too
famous: having driven along the last of the “three
roads", Ilya found a treasure, countless
hidden treasures. But why does a hero need gold?
silver? He spent all his wealth
for the construction of the temple.

Most historians believe that the birthplace of Ilya Muromets is the village of Karacharovo near Murom, because Many epics about Ilya Muromets begin with the words: “Is he from that city of Muromlya, from that Nun village and Karachaev ...”

According to epics, the hero Ilya Muromets “did not control” his arms and legs until the age of 33, and then received miraculous healing from the elders. They, having come to Ilya’s house when no one else was there, ask him to get up and bring them water. Ilya replied to this: “I have neither arms nor legs, I’ve been sitting on a seat for thirty years.” They repeatedly ask Ilya to get up and bring them water. After this, Ilya gets up, goes to the water carrier and brings water. The elders tell Ilya to drink water. Ilya drank and recovered, after the second drink he feels an exorbitant strength in himself, and he is given a drink a third time to reduce it. Afterwards, the elders tell Ilya that he must go into the service of Prince Vladimir. At the same time, they mention that on the road to Kyiv there is a heavy stone with an inscription, which Ilya must also visit. Afterwards, Ilya says goodbye to his parents, brothers and relatives and goes “to the capital city of Kyiv” and comes first “to that motionless stone.” On the stone was written a call to Ilya to move the stone from its fixed place. There he will find a heroic horse, weapons and armor. Ilya moved the stone and found everything that was written there. He said to the horse: “Oh, you are a heroic horse! Serve me faithfully." After this, Ilya gallops to Prince Vladimir.

Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor

In the epic "Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets"

• Ilya Muromets and the robbers;
• Ilya Muromets and son.

According to this theory, Ilya Muromets lived in the 12th century and died in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra around 1188. Commemoration according to the church calendar - December 19 (January 1). Modern anthropologists and orthopedic doctors, when studying the relics of Ilya, confirm that the lower limbs of this person for a long time did not function for some reason, due to either congenital paralysis or birth trauma. The spinal injury was repaired, allowing him to regain mobility in his legs.

V.M. Klykova

The name of Ilya Muromets was borne by:

• "Ilya Muromets" - one of the armored personnel carriers;
• armored car;
• one of the KS tanks,
• “Ilya Muromets is a Soviet port icebreaker built in 1965,
• "Ilya Muromets" - Soviet strategic bomber

The image of a hero in fine art:

• Ilya Muromets is a character in Viktor Vasnetsov’s painting “Bogatyrs”; under the impression of the epic “Ilya Muromets and the Robbers”, he also painted the painting “The Knight at the Crossroads”.
• “Ilya Muromets at a feast with Prince Vladimir” - painting by V.P. Vereshchagin.
• “Ilya Muromets” - painting by N. Roerich.
• “Ilya Muromets frees the prisoners”, “Ilya Muromets and Gol Kabatskaya”, “Ilya Muromets in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir”, “The Gift of Svyatogor” - paintings by Konstantin Vasiliev.
• "Ilya Muromets",

The leading actor is Boris Andreev.

• In 1975-1978, a duology of cartoons “Ilya Muromets (Prologue)” and “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” were filmed.
• At the end of 2007, the animated film “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” was released, in 2010 - “Three Heroes and the Shamakhan Queen”, the main character of which is also Ilya. The first of them tells that the allegedly corrupt Kiev prince and Ilya Muromets went to rescue Ilya’s horse and the treasury stolen by Nightingale, who fled to the Byzantine lands, to the city of Constantinople, where Emperor Basileus ruled.

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"Presentation "Epic Bogatyr Ilya Muromets""

MBOU "Secondary School No. 8"

Narimanovsky district, Astrakhan region

Epic hero Ilya Muromets

Pronyakina Tatyana Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature

Ilya Muromets

or Ilya Murovets(full epic name - Ilya Muromets son of Ivan, or Ilya Murovets son of Ivan) - one of the main characters of the ancient Russian epic, a hero who embodies the people's ideal of a warrior hero, a people's protector.

Victor Vasnetsov.

Knight on horseback. Bogatyr.

• 1. Gaining strength by Ilya Muromets
• 2. Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor
• 3. The first trip of Ilya Muromets
• 4. Ilya Muromets and Idolishche
• 5. Ilya Muromets in a quarrel with Prince Volodymyr
• 6. Ilya Muromets and tavern goli
• 7. Ilya Muromets on the Falcon-ship
• 8. Ilya Muromets and the robbers
• 9. Three trips of Ilya Muromets
• 10. Ilya Muromets and Sokolnik
• 11. Ilya Muromets, Ermak and Kalin the Tsar
• 12. Kama massacre
• 13. Ilya Muromets and Kalin the Tsar
• 14. Duel between Dobrynya Nikitich and Ilya Muromets
• 15. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber

Epic biography of Ilya Muromets

Most historians believe that the birthplace of Ilya Muromets is the village of Karacharovo near Murom, because Many epics about Ilya Muromets begin with the words: “Is he from that city of Muromlya, from that Nun village and Karachaev ...”

V. Vasnetsov

"Heroic leap." 1914

Epic biography of Ilya Muromets

According to epics, the hero Ilya Muromets “did not control” his arms and legs until the age of 33, and then received miraculous healing from the elders. They, having come to Ilya’s house when no one else was there, ask him to get up and bring them water. Ilya replied to this: “I have neither arms nor legs, I’ve been sitting on a seat for thirty years.” They repeatedly ask Ilya to get up and bring them water. After this, Ilya gets up, goes to the water carrier and brings water. The elders tell Ilya to drink water. Ilya drank and recovered, after the second drink he feels an exorbitant strength in himself, and he is given a drink a third time to reduce it.

Epic biography of Ilya Muromets

Afterwards, the elders tell Ilya that he must go into the service of Prince Vladimir. At the same time, they mention that on the road to Kyiv there is a heavy stone with an inscription, which Ilya must also visit. Afterwards, Ilya says goodbye to his parents, brothers and relatives and goes “to the capital city of Kyiv” and comes first “to that motionless stone.” On the stone was written a call to Ilya to move the stone from its fixed place. There he will find a heroic horse, weapons and armor. Ilya moved the stone and found everything that was written there. He said to the horse: “Oh, you are a heroic horse! Serve me faithfully." After this, Ilya gallops to Prince Vladimir.

Shitikov E.P.

Linocut “Ilya Muromets” 1981

Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor

In the epic "Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets" it tells how Ilya Muromets studied with Svyatogor; and dying, he breathed into him the heroic spirit, which caused more strength in Ilya, and gave up his treasure sword.

Klimenko.

Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor's coffin

Folklore about Ilya Muromets outside the Russian North

Only a few epic stories with the name of Ilya Muromets are known outside the provinces of Olonets, Arkhangelsk and Siberia (Collection of K. Danilov and S. Gulyaev).

Outside the named areas only a few subjects are recorded:

• Ilya of Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber;
• Ilya Muromets and the robbers;
• Ilya Muromets on the Falcon-ship
• Ilya Muromets and son.

Epics about Ilya Muromets in the middle and southern parts of Russia

In the middle and southern parts of Russia, only epics are known without the attachment of Ilya Muromets to Kyiv and the prince. Vladimir, and the most popular plots are those in which robbers (Ilya Muromets and the robbers) or Cossacks (Ilya Muromets on the Falcon-ship) play the role, which indicates the popularity of Ilya Muromets among the freedom-loving population who lived on the Volga, Yaik and were part of the Cossacks .

Popular print "About the meeting of Ilya Muromets with the robbers"

Some researchers consider the prototype of the epic character to be a historical strongman nicknamed “Chobotok”, originally from Murom, who became a monk at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra under the name of Elijah, canonized in the Orthodox Church as “Reverend Elijah of Murom” (canonized in 1643) Elijah of Pechersk.

Relics of Elijah of Pechersk

• The theory of the identity of the epic hero with the monk of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra is quite plausible.

• According to this theory, Ilya Muromets lived in the 12th century and died in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra around 1188. Memory according to the church calendar - December 19 (January 1). Modern anthropologists and orthopedic doctors, when studying the relics of Ilya, confirm that the lower limbs of this person for a long time did not function for some reason, due to either congenital paralysis or birth trauma. The spinal injury was repaired, allowing him to regain mobility in his legs.

Ilya Muromets in Russian culture

In 1999, a monument to sculptor Ilya Muromets was erected in the Murom city park

V.M. Klykova

The name of Ilya Muromets was borne by:

• frigate of the Russian Imperial Navy,
• in 1913, the name of the hero was given to a bomber aircraft created by aircraft designer Igor Sikorsky;
• "Ilya Muromets" - one of the armored personnel carriers;
• armored car;
• Russian and Soviet icebreaking steamship built in 1915
• red armored train in the Civil War,
• light armored train of the Don Army of the White Movement in the Civil War,
• one of the KS tanks,
• Soviet armored train in the Great Patriotic War,

• in 1958, the cruise ship “Ilya Muromets” was put into operation,
• “Ilya Muromets is a Soviet port icebreaker built in 1965,
• "Ilya Muromets" - Soviet strategic bomber

Bomber Tu-160

"Ilya Muromets"

The image of a hero in fine arts

• Ilya Muromets is a character in Viktor Vasnetsov’s painting “Bogatyrs”; under the impression of the epic “Ilya Muromets and the Robbers”, he also painted the painting “The Knight at the Crossroads”.
• “Ilya Muromets at a feast with Prince Vladimir” - painting by V.P. Vereshchagin.
• “Ilya Muromets” - painting by N. Roerich.
• “Ilya Muromets frees the prisoners”, “Ilya Muromets and Gol Kabatskaya”, “Ilya Muromets in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir”, “The Gift of Svyatogor” - paintings by Konstantin Vasiliev.

Ivan Bilibin created illustrations for the epics about Ilya Muromets:

"Ilya Muromets",

"Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor", "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber",

"Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor's wife."

The image of a hero in cinematography:

• In 1956, based on the epics about Ilya

In Muromets, in the USSR, the feature film “Ilya” was shot

Muromets. Directed by Alexander Ptushko,

The leading actor is Boris Andreev.

• The image of Ilya Muromets was used in the film “That Scoundrel Sidorov.”
• In 1975-1978, a duology of cartoons “Ilya Muromets (Prologue)” and “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” were filmed.
• At the end of 2007, the animated film “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” was released, in 2010 - “Three Heroes and the Shamakhan Queen”, the main character of which is also Ilya. The first of them tells that the allegedly corrupt Kiev prince and Ilya Muromets went to rescue Ilya’s horse and the treasury stolen by Nightingale, who fled to the Byzantine lands, to the city of Constantinople, where Emperor Basileus ruled.
• In 2011, the film “A Real Fairy Tale” was released, where Alexey Dmitriev played Ilya Muromets.

• Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia:
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Vastnetsov_1914.jpg/250px-Vastnetsov_1914.jpg
• http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0 %B5%D1%86
• http://pagan.ru/gallery/illjustraciiks/bogatyri/swyatogor/klim_Il_ya_i_grob_Svyatogora.jpg
• http://www.google.ru/imgres?imgurl=http://feb-web.ru/feb/byliny/pictures/Bs2-428.jpg&imgrefurl=http://feb-web.ru/feb/byliny/ encyclop/bs2-427-.htm&h=425&w=600&sz=100&tbnid=DcwX8Q5gw0nWFM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=135&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F% 2B%25D0% 25BC%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%2B%25D0%25B8%2B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1% 25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2B%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD% 25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE %D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8% D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&hl=ru&usg=__vb_QCX7G7XNSu9kUHHrPRRWxKbs=&sa=X&ei=rR9CT- nAI5OP4gS9u_W8CA&ved=0CBcQ9QEwAg

• http://www.google.ru/imgres?imgurl=http://opentorrent.ru/photos/080128215308255_f0_0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://opentorrent.ru/viewtopic.php%3Ft%3D3722&h=1153&w=800&sz=287&tbnid= HRDp057vhKfviM:&tbnh=270&tbnw=187&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%2B%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE %25D0 %25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%2B%25D0%25B8%2B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8 %25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2B%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom =1&q=%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0 %B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%B0 %D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&hl=ru&usg=__9rR6Pt7tRE6LyrbLagj0MYx9BNk=&sa=X&ei=rR9CT-nAI5OP4gS9u_W8CA&ved=0CBMQ9QEwAQ

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

Epics Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber

2 slide

Slide description:

The epic “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” is a complex work. It contains several main episodes: Ilya’s liberation of Chernigov from the enemy force that besieged him, after which the residents of the city ask Ilya to be their governor, but he refuses, as he is going to serve in Kyiv; meeting with Nightingale the Robber, who closed the road from Chernigov to Kyiv for 30 years; arrival in Kyiv, where Prince Vladimir does not believe Ilya that he brought the Nightingale the Robber, then the hero shows the Nightingale and tells him to whistle: from the whistle the boyars fall dead, and the prince and princess “crawl.” To prevent Nightingale the Robber from causing more harm, Ilya kills him.

3 slide

Slide description:

Ilya Muromets (full epic name - Ilya Muromets, son of Ivan) is one of the main heroes of the ancient Russian epic epic, a hero who embodies the people's ideal of a hero-warrior, a people's intercessor. In Kmita Chernobylsky (XVI century) Ilya is Muravlenin, not Muromets, in Erich Lassota (XVI century) - Ilya Morovlin, in some epics of the 17th century - Ilya Murovich or Ilya Murovets.

4 slide

Slide description:

Ilya Muromets is the main character of the Kyiv cycle of epics. The most important of them: “The Healing of Ilya of Muromets”, “Ilya and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya and Sokolnik”, “Ilya in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir”, “Ilya and Kalin the Tsar”, “Ilya and the Foul Idol”. The most ancient epics are considered to be about the battle of Ilya Muromets with the Nightingale the Robber and about the battle with Sokolnik (his son).

5 slide

Slide description:

Back in the 19th century, scientists wondered who was behind the epic image of the enemy of the Russian hero - Nightingale the Robber. Some saw him as a mythical creature - the personification of the forces of nature, the tree-climber, while others expressed the opinion that this image was borrowed from the folklore of other peoples. Still others were of the opinion that Nightingale was an ordinary person engaged in robbery. For his ability to whistle loudly, he was nicknamed Nightingale. In the epic narrative, the Nightingale the Robber is depicted as a creature living in the forests with his entire brood.

6 slide

Slide description:

The epic tells about the military exploits of Ilya. He leaves home, from the village of Karacharovo, near Murom, to the capital city of Kyiv to serve Prince Vladimir. Along the way, Ilya accomplishes his first feat. At Chernigov he defeats the enemy army that besieged the city.

7 slide

Slide description:

Is it the city of Chernigov that has caught up with black and black, and it’s black and black, like a black crow. So no one walks here with infantry, No one rides here on a good horse, Let the black raven bird not fly by, Let no gray beast prowl.

8 slide

Slide description:

And Ilya, “a burly, good fellow,” began to trample this great force with his horse and stab him with a spear. And he defeated this great force. For this, the Chernigov men invited him to Chernigov as a governor, but the hero did not agree, since he was going to serve the entire Russian land. He is warned that the road to Kyiv is restless and dangerous: The path is blocked up, walled up, Like that one near the Black Mud, Or near that birch tree near the gag... The Nightingale the Robber is sitting with some oak cheese, The Nightingale the Robber is sitting Odikhmantyev1 son.2

Slide 9

Slide description:

Ilya’s opponent is depicted in the epic in a hyperbolic way, his formidable power is exaggerated. This is a robber villain. He “whistles like a nightingale”, “shouts like an animal”. Because of this, “the ant grasses are entangled, all the azure flowers are crumbling, the dark forests are all bowing to the ground, and what people there are are all lying dead.”

10 slide

Slide description:

However, Ilya was not frightened by the warning of the Chernigov men. He chooses the "straight road". Ilya’s good heroic horse, hearing the Nightingale’s whistle, “rests and stumbles on the baskets.” But the hero is fearless. He is ready to accomplish his second feat. The duel is described laconically, in the epic tradition. Ilya takes a tight “explosive” bow, pulls a “silk bowstring”, puts on a “hardened arrow” and shoots. He fastens the defeated Nightingale to a “damask stirrup” and takes him to Kyiv. This is the hero’s first visit to Kyiv; no one here knows him yet. The prince himself turns to Ilya with questions: “Tell me, you’re brilliant, a stout, good fellow, Somehow, you’re a fine fellow, but they call you by name, They call you, daring, by your fatherland?”

11 slide

Slide description:

The prince does not believe Ilya’s story, he doubts that it is possible to travel along that road where many forces have been gathered and the Nightingale the Robber rules. Then Ilya leads the prince to Nightingale. But the robber recognizes only the power of Ilya over himself, seeing in him a worthy opponent and winner, he honors him above the prince. To Vladimir’s order to demonstrate his art, Nightingale replies: “It’s not with you that I’m having lunch today, Prince, And it’s not you I want to listen to. I dined with the old Cossack Ilya Muromets, Yes, I want him - then I'll listen."3

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Municipal educational institution "Koltalovskaya Secondary School" of the Tver region, Kalininsky district "Ilya Muromets - the hero of the Russian land" Author of the presentation: Gan Rimma Eduardovna, primary school teacher Sensational research In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission conducted a study of the relics of St. Ilya Muromets. The results were amazing: it was a man who died at the age of 45 - 55 years old, tall - 177 cm. The fact is that in the 12th century, when Ilya Muromets lived, such a person was considered quite tall, because the average height of a man was 165 cm. Moreover, on the bones of Ilya, scientists found traces of many battles - multiple fractures of the collarbones, broken ribs, traces of blow of a spear, saber, sword. This confirmed the legends that Ilya was a mighty warrior who took part in fierce battles. But most of all, scientists were struck by something else: they claim that, in full agreement with folk legends, Ilya really could not walk for a long time! According to the researchers, the cause was a serious illness - bone tuberculosis or polio. This caused paralysis of the legs. Ilya Muromets was born approximately between 1150 and 1165. And he died around 45 - 55 years old, as is believed, during the capture of Kyiv by Prince Rurik Rostislavovich in 1204, when the Pechersk Lavra was defeated by the Polovtsians allied with Rurik. The cause of death was apparently a blow to the chest from a sharp weapon (spear or sword). Curse or miraculous healing The following story was passed down from mouth to mouth among the people. As if the grandfather of Ilya Muromets was a pagan and, not recognizing Christianity, once chopped up an icon. Since then, a curse has fallen on his family - all boys will be born crippled. Ten years later, Ilya was born, and it seemed that the curse had been fulfilled: the boy had not been able to walk since childhood. All attempts to cure him were unsuccessful. But Ilya did not give up, he persistently trained his arms, developed his muscles, becoming stronger, but still could not walk. The years passed, and, probably, more than once it seemed to him that he needed to come to terms with his fate: he would forever remain a cripple. But when Ilya turned 33, something inexplicable happened. The day came that changed his life forever. Prophetic elders entered the house - Kaliki passers-by (beggar wanderers), and asked Ilya to bring water. He explained that he could not walk. But the guests persistently repeated the request, which sounded like an order. And Ilya suddenly felt unprecedented strength and stood on his feet for the first time. But how did the strange guests manage to heal the hopelessly ill? There are different assumptions on this matter. For example, that the wanderers knew the secrets of ancient conspiracies. And other scientists suggest that this was a case of self-healing, which science is not yet able to explain... Be that as it may, Ilya got to his feet after 33 years of immobility. And scientists who conducted research on the relics confirm that the bone tissue of this person was miraculously restored. Moreover, according to their conclusion, after 30 years he led an active lifestyle, which is fully consistent with the epics. Murom or Morovsk? There are also different versions regarding the place of birth of Ilya. The most common one is that he comes from the village of Karacharovo, near the city of Murom. This village, located on the banks of the Oka, still exists today. But some researchers claim that Ilya was born not far from Kyiv - in Morovsk (Moroviysk) near Chernigov, which in ancient times was called Murom. Since the legends say that Ilya reached Kiev very quickly, in one day (which is hardly possible in the case of the city of Murom, which is located about 1500 km from Kyiv), this version is plausible. But according to epics, Ilya came from the village of Karacharovo? It turns out that there was an ancient city of Karachev not far from Chernigov. Moreover, the Smorodinnaya River flows not far from Karachev, and on its bank is the ancient village of Devyatidubye. Local old-timers point to the place where the nest of the Nightingale the Robber was supposedly located. And now on the bank of Smorodinnaya there is a huge stump, which, according to legend, has been preserved from nine oak trees. The exploits of the Russian hero After his miraculous healing, Ilya Muromets, as befits heroes, performs numerous feats. His most famous feat is the victory over the Nightingale the Robber. Researchers believe that Nightingale the Robber is not a fairy-tale monster, but also a real historical figure, a robber who hunted in the forests on the way to Kyiv. And this robber was nicknamed Nightingale because he announced his attack with a whistle (or, perhaps, gave a signal to his gang to attack with a whistle). Subsequently, Ilya Muromets accomplished many other feats, participated in battles, and defended the Russian land from enemies. Contemporaries noted his incredible, superhuman strength, so in the memory of people he remained the greatest Russian hero. Suffice it to recall the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov’s “Three Heroes”, in which Ilya Muromets is depicted in the center - as the strongest and most powerful. In epics and legends, three heroes - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich and Dobrynya Nikitich - often perform feats together. They never actually met. They were separated by centuries - Dobrynya Nikitich lived in the 10th century, Alyosha Popovich - in the 13th century, and Ilya - in the 12th century. But when legends are passed down from one generation to another for centuries, they acquire new details, famous characters begin to perform new feats, and time frames gradually blur and shift. Contrary to legends, Ilya Muromets never served Prince Vladimir the Great. They simply could not meet because they lived in different centuries. Ilya served Prince Svyatoslav, defending Rus' from the Polovtsians. But if this is really so, and Ilya Muromets is a historical figure, then why is there not a word about him in the chronicles? Firstly, not many written sources have survived from those times, which is quite natural if you remember what a turbulent history Rus' went through. Hordes of conquerors more than once burned and completely destroyed cities. In one of the fires, the books of the Pechersk Lavra were also burned. Secondly, there are references in foreign sources. For example, German epic poems written in the 13th century, but based on earlier tales, mention the great hero Ilya the Russian. The legend says that in one fierce battle, Ilya almost died, but miraculously remained alive and vowed to retire to a monastery, devote himself to God and never pick up a sword again. Ilya came to the walls of the Lavra, took off all his military armor, but could not throw away the sword and took it with him. He became a monk and spent all his days in his cell in prayer. But one day the enemies approached the walls of the monastery, Ilya saw with his own eyes the death of the abbot of the Lavra, struck by a fatal blow. And then Ilya, despite the vow, again picked up the sword. But he felt that his legs were refusing to serve him again. He managed to shield his hand from the fatal blow from the spear, but his strength was leaving him. Was this really so? It is unlikely that we will ever find out. But only one thing is certain: scientists have established that Ilya really died as a result of a blow to the chest with a spear and that he apparently tried to stop the spear in mid-flight, and this slightly weakened the blow. But the wound never healed and became the cause of Muromets’ death. CONCLUSION Ilya Muromets is one of those people who managed to survive his death, leaving a noticeable mark in people’s memory and having a huge impact on subsequent generations. But not only memory remains from Ilya. The body of Ilya Muromets, like the remains of many other monks buried in the caves of the Lavra, is incorruptible in a state of mummification. But, unlike the bodies of the Egyptian pharaohs, it became this way not due to treatment with special compounds, but for a reason unknown to science. In Orthodoxy it is believed that if the body does not decompose, but turns into relics, this is a special gift of God, which is given only to saints. Ilya Muromets was canonized already in 1643 and became one of the 69 saints of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. My dream is to visit the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra again. The relics of St. Ilya of Muromets in the Near Caves Kiev - Pechersk Lavra Lower Caves. The Road of Hermits Relics of monks in the Lower Caves Monument to Ilya Muromets in the city of Murom List of literature used: 1. Bylina “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale - the Robber” 2. Bylina “Three trips of Ilya” 3. Bylina about Prince Vladimir and Ilya Muromets 4/ “Bylina about the hero Ilya Muromets and the Kaliki passers-by" 5/http:// pk. kiev.ua/citu/2006/05/30/090009, ht 6.ru. Wikepedia/org> Ilya Muromets 7. www. Chitem – vmeste, ru/ pages/material,php?artikle=34&journal Municipal educational institution “Koltalovskaya secondary school”, Tver region, Kalininsky district Author of the presentation: Rimma Eduardovna Gan, primary school teacher