Volleyball is a sport with high demands on the technique and skill of athletes. The importance of fitness is especially important for attacking players. They need to master a significant set of techniques. The athlete’s technique must be at a high level, and his physical preparation should be appropriate: reception, power serve, attack, movement, block, defense on the back line. But among all the elements, the attacking blow is decisive, since up to 65% of the team points won are related to the attack.

Volleyball rules and the importance of the player's physical qualities

Volleyball seems to be a simple game. But it's not. Before drawing conclusions, you need to study the rules of the game in FIVB volleyball. Every game has nuances. The rules describe certain points that make the game spectacular. Amateur and professional levels are different. It is clear that professionals are stricter, there are no concessions. For amateurs, judges can be loyal to the placement of players, to the top gear.

There are main points that are considered errors: touching the net, crossing the middle line, the ball on one side can only be hit three times, it is forbidden to play with an open hand, the player on the back line does not attack the ball in a jump from the front line, the players are accurate in the arrangement, there should be no touching of the antennas, touching the ball on the opponent's side, aggressive players.

The process of training a volleyball player to learn the technique of movement, the actions necessary for playing the game, its improvement istechnical training of the athlete. The sports technique of an attacking blow in volleyball is directly related to the level of development of physical qualities. The higher this level, the more successful the training and the effectiveness of training.

The type of forward shot is determined by the parameters of the second gear. The transmission itself varies in length - long, short, shortened. By the nature of the movement during the attacking blow, it is almost the same. But, with the expansion of the time interval of the flight of the ball, the pace and rhythm of the run will change. Thus, the time period for performing the first and second steps of the run will increase, and the coordination of the attacker's actions with the pass will improve.

Tasks of technical training

In reality, transmissions of medium and high pitch are slow, and low ones are high-speed. An attacking blow from low speed gears is characterized by:

• shorter takeoff run (from one to two steps);
• quick repulsion as a result of less bending of the legs at the end of the run;
• a smaller swing amplitude and less bending of the arm at the elbow (the arm is laid back);
• smaller accompanying movement of the hand after the impact.

Technical training tasks include:

Difficulty in mastering skills

The preparation requiredvolleyball attack technique involves a long-term process, conditionally consisting of the following steps:

• initial education;
• improvement.

The greatest difficulty in mastering the skill of an attacking strike is the accuracy of the player’s calculation of his actions in accordance with the direction and height of the ball’s flight, as well as the kick itself in the jump at the highest point. Errors occur when the player is in a hurry or, conversely, late in the jump. In order for the attacking technique in volleyball to be as perfect as possible, there is no need to rush to develop all the skills at once. This is especially true of the transition from attacking at the top of the transfer to hitting the attacker. First, the skill of a clear and accurate exit to the ball is trained and firmly fixed. It is also correct to periodically return to passing over the top of the net with control over the speed and accuracy of getting under the ball.

Principles of training

The training process involves the use of:

• the principle of gradualness in mastering a technique - the transition to the next is possible only after fixing the previous one;
• purposefulness of physical training is the basis for the development of motor skills, especially such as serving in volleyball, hitting the ball and hitting;
• concepts of biomechanics of patterns of movement;
• experience and analysis of the causes of errors and their correction;
• improving the technique of playing the game;
• exercises, simulators and training devices that can make the technique of movements undistorted and accessible to children.

In training, you need to develop skills that allow you to perform volleyball serves, which can be straight and lateral with a planning flight path and in a jump. The initial stage of training a volleyball player involves changing the direct bottom feed.

Game features

Volleyball is a spectacular and emotional game. The two teams are separated by a net. The game of women's volleyball and men's volleyball is not much different in terms of rules, but they have different net heights. For the men's game, the net is stretched at a height of two hundred and forty-three millimeters from the surface of the site, and in the women's game - two hundred and twenty-four millimeters. Volleyball has simple rules and minimum equipment requirements. It is beach and classic.

At the very beginning, it is very important that the athlete achieves the consistency of the links of the body. In the future, the conditions for admission become more complicated. You need to change your starting positions. This is especially true of the methods of preliminary movement, the area of ​​action, the simplest game situations, and confusing factors. Mastering the technique in the game is subject to patterns that contribute to the formation of motor skills with:

• physiological point of view;
• psychological point of view;
• methodological point of view.

Like men's, women's volleyball is no different in terms of training methodology, development of motor skills and development of striking techniques. The male one is just a little more powerful in terms of punches and jump height. He is more stable and perhaps less emotional.

Mistakes

What is the technique of teaching an attacking blow in volleyball and learning errors?

Mistakes in teaching technique are the result of a misunderstanding of the coach's actions. As a rule, such a situation arises when there is an underestimation of the abilities of athletes, there is no active perception of the show and explanation, when the volleyball player is not brought to his awareness of the mistakes that he made during the exercise. Of course, despite the fact that volleyball is a team game, the coach must find an individual approach to each player.

Methodology

Explaining to the athletes how to beat an attacking blow in volleyball, the coach emphasizes that this is an attack technique that interrupts the ball with one hand, above the edge of the top of the net, to the opponent's side. There is a direct and side striker strikes.With a direct shock movement, it is performed in the sagittal plane. The initial position is the same as in the transfer rack. Preparatory phase:

• run;
• bounce;
• swing.

To coordinate the movements of the body (its links) in an unsupported position, it is necessary to position the feet during repulsion so that the toes are slightly turned inward or parallel to each other. If the run-up length decreases and there is a transition to a run-up of two steps, then the second, then the third steps are performed. If there is a one-step, then there is only a third step jump.

Improvement of technology

Exercises to improve the technique of an attacking blow in volleyballwhen working in pairs

The athlete's arm must be straight, after the throw it moves freely along the body. The blow is applied with a straight hand. You must be careful not to leave control of the movement of the ball.

1. Throw, catching the ball from behind the head with the left and right hand.

2. Throwing the ball off the floor from behind the head with the left and right hands.

3. Strikes with the left and right hands on the ball lying on the palm of the hand extended forward and upward, directing it to the floor from a place.

4. The first athlete, after throwing the ball, makes an attacking kick from the spot, the second one takes it from below and directs the ball to a partner for the next hit.

5. Forward blow from the transfer of a partner.

Exercises are performed continuously, without losing and catching the ball. If the ball flies at the level of the chest and head, then it is received with two hands from above. If it flies at waist level, then you need to take it from below.

Jump steps

When teaching an athlete the ability to perform a direct attacking blow in volleyball, technique is a priority in the training process. To achieve the desired horizontal speed and maximum jump, the coach explains that the length of the run is usually two to four meters (about three steps). Every step matters. The first one is small, the speed is small, it determines the choice of the direction of the run. The second - corrects the direction, the length is increased, the time is reduced, the speed increases. The third is the transition from the horizontal take-off speed to the vertical jump speed, the length is short, the speed increases. The last step is the jump.

The right leg is extended and extended forward, placed on the heel, the foot in the breaking position. Only if there is a rigid setting of the right foot on the support will a locking effect occur. The height of the jump depends on the swing of the arms and the bending of the legs at the knees at the end of the run (the angle is not less than 90°). At the moment of separation from the support of the legs, the upper body is pulled back. When the legs are torn off, the take-off phase begins and the right hand swings up / down.

Jump technique

The upward jump, when learning the technique of the attacking stroke in volleyball, must reach the maximum height. Therefore, the athlete pushes off with full force, while at the same time swinging the striking arm up and back, bending in the chest and lower back. At the same time, the legs are slightly bent at the knee joints, and the right shoulder is laid back with the shock right hand. The left arm is slightly bent at the elbow and held up to the side. At the moment of impact, the striking arm is straightened, and the stretched muscles of the chest, abdomen and arm will contract sharply. When straightened, it is relaxed, and in this state it is superimposed on the ball. A strike is carried out in a certain direction. After the impact, the athlete lands on the front of the feet. He performs this on his legs bent at the knee joints.

Push

An interesting fact is that the technique of performing an attacking blow in volleyball does not depend on which leg will be the push. The expression "jerking leg" is purely conditional. This concept comes from the opinion inherent in the majority to consider the leg with which the athlete pushes off stronger. But in reality the possibilities of the two legs are the same. This is confirmed by qualified all-round athletes who jump in high and take off with one foot, and in the long jump with the other.

If the athlete is endowed with greater dexterity in the right hand, then more often he pushes off with his left foot. Therefore, in the jump before the jump, he sends his right leg forward, which is most appropriate for hitting with his right hand. A powerful, full of energy swing of the arm and retraction of the shoulder turn the body of the athlete slightly to the right. In this case, the right foot will touch the site before the left.

There are players who perform a jump with the left foot forward when hitting with the right hand. They strive to evenly distribute the load on both legs and bounce, due to which they manage to get ahead of the left leg with the right. However, given the rules of the offensive kick in volleyball, this looks like a tangled leg. Such movements will be especially dangerous when the athlete has not developed confidence and solid skills when entering the blow. Such a player cannot be stable and successful in attack.

Percussion technique

The movement of percussion technique begins with a turn around the vertical of the body and moving forward with a rise of the right shoulder. Such a movement will set the initial speed for the hand included in the work a little later. She straightens at the elbow and stretches up a little forward. This is how the required impact height is ensured. The brush is applied whip-like. The speed of the hand movement is gaining a greater value smoothly and by the moment of impact it will become the largest.

An effective hitting technique is chin drop. This will allow you to use the neck-tonic reflexes to the greatest advantage. In this position, the muscle groups of the torso of the front surface will be tense. Inhalation during a strike contributes to its fastest execution, since there are a number of muscles abstracted from respiratory functions.

Place of impact

When an attacking shot is made from a pass of more than one meter, some features must be taken into account:

• the place of impact is determined with an outstretched hand;
• directly with the conduct of the arm during the shock movement, the athlete bends in the hip joints;
• with a shock movement, the hands lead towards the upper edge of the net.

If you need to perform an attacking strike for accuracy, then use the technique of direct accelerated strikes, the so-called wrist strikes.

The importance of working out the technique of impact leaves no doubt, since in modern volleyball the attack is a decisive element of the game.

Offensive actions can be roughly divided into three groups:

• 1) full-fledged attacking blows
• 2) wrist strikes
• 3) discounts

In addition to the above, there are hooks, half-hooks, overruns, etc., which are relatively rarely used in modern volleyball.

Attack technique.

The execution of an attacking strike can also be divided into several components: taking a position, a run, a jump, and, in fact, a strike.

As an example, let's take an attack "just" from the fourth zone.

At the moment the ball is received by the players of the back line, the attacker takes a position in touch, approximately in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe middle line, in order to be able to scatter in an arc. After the pass has gone, you should evaluate its trajectory and adjust accordingly and outline the speed of the run, the height and direction of the jump. The jump must be made in such a way that the ball at the moment of striking is in front of the player and at the height of the outstretched arm so that it can be covered (overwhelmed) with a brush from above. So, the take-off went, then the arms are pulled back, and the body bends in a half-squat, then there is a sharp wave of the arms up and a jump (they wave their arms to fly higher), while both arms are extended upwards. Further, the striking arm is bent at the elbow and retracted behind the head, the shoulder is also retracted, the player looks arched, while the elbow is at the level of the head. Then follows the contraction of the abdominal muscles, giving the movement of the upper body forward, and at the same time the non-beating arm remaining at the top abruptly goes down, the impulse of movement continues to slightly move the shoulder of the striking arm forward, and then the final movement follows - the arm unbends and overwhelms the ball on like a whip, elbow does not go below the head until touching the ball with the hand - the most common mistake is when the elbow is bent at the moment of the strike and an "ear hit" is obtained. The elbow drops after the impact - the hand accompanies the ball and goes to the body to the right or left so as not to touch the net. The direction of impact is determined by the brush, or rather, from which side it will fall on the ball, for example, from above and to the left (the ball naturally flies to the right).

Direct striker. Consider the starting position of the striking hand. In practice, it is quite widely believed that the hand of the striking hand should be brought back behind the head. This is an erroneous opinion. With this position of the hand, volleyball players, even very gifted ones, rarely achieve high results, but quite often injure the shoulder joint.

What position should the hand be in before striking? Is it possible to place the brush, for example, over the head (there are such recommendations too)? No you can not. In this case, the hand will be in the center of rotation of the body around the vertical axis and the speed of its movement will be equal to zero. The greatest acceleration can be obtained by moving the brush to the side, but then the net will interfere with the impact. Only one torso tilt will also not give the desired effect.

In the swing position, the torso is slightly tilted back (a strong deflection is only permissible if the ball is behind the head), the legs are freely lowered, the knees are slightly bent, the leg of the same name to the striking hand is slightly higher above the platform than the other (due to the elevation of the shoulder ).

In the initial position for a strike, the hand can be tense or relaxed, which depends on the task that the player solves with his strike. First of all, you need to find a free, natural position of the fingers. The harder you need to hit the ball, the more relaxed the brush should be. As the accuracy of the blow increases, the degree of tension of the hand also increases.

Let's look at the examples. After passing for an attacking hit, the ball was far from the net. It is inconvenient, impractical to punch such a ball strongly. It is better to make a not very strong, but accurate blow. To do this, the player more actively takes the shoulder of the striking hand back, and the blow is performed mainly due to the rotation of the body around the vertical axis, trying to give the movement of the hand a rectilinear direction. The hand is tense, with the fingers pointing upwards, and when struck, as it were, presses on the ball.

The movement of the torso is approximately the same as that of the shot putter. Such a blow is most purely used to ensure that the ball from the block goes into the aug, as well as, if necessary, "twisting" (or "cutting") the ball.

Another example. The ball is in an awkward position to hit. In this case, the movements will be similar to the final phase of the action of the javelin thrower, completing the throw with the so-called whip. Here the volleyball player actively bends the torso around the horizontal axis. At the moment of impact, the player, as it were, "hangs" on the ball. Moreover, not only the hand, but the whole body should hang: the mass of the whole body is put into the blow. To do this, the brush covers the ball, completing the whipping movement.

In all types of throwing, as you know, the ending is of particular importance. This fully applies to the attacking blow in volleyball. This is why the most important component of an offensive punch is the work of the torso. Only one who is able to make a sharp jerk with the body at the end of the blow can combine the force of the blow with its accuracy. For athletes who own the end of the blow, a sharp lowering of the head in combination with forward movement of the legs is very characteristic. There are times when a player touches the net with their feet. According to the rules, this, of course, is a mistake, but according to the technique, it is perfection itself, if this touch is not done deliberately, but is the result of the energetic work of the body.

Now about the so-called work with a brush. You can often hear judgments about players who "work with a brush" or "do not work with a brush", without any specific recommendations. Usually, the criterion for a good "work with a brush" is considered to be the result of a blow: if it hits the site - "the brush works", if it does not hit - "the brush does not work. What's the matter here?

The angle between the direction of the ball's flight from the impact and the surface of the site depends on the movement of the hand at the wrist joint along the horizontal axis. The more the brush is retracted upon impact, the farther the ball will fly and the angle between the direction of its flight and the plane of the site will be smaller. And vice versa: the more the brush bends forward and covers the ball, the steeper will be the direction of the ball's flight, and the angle between this direction and the plane of the court will increasingly approach a straight line. From this we can conclude that the direction of the ball flight depends on the change in the position of the hand in the wrist joint, on its movements along the horizontal axis. However, the player, not seeing the hand at the moment of impact, is not able to feel the difference in its position within 10-20°. At the same time, these 20° will make a significant difference when hitting the backline. Therefore, the "work of the hand", its movement along the horizontal axis, acquires value in close-to-net passes and strong impacts, or in all other cases where special accuracy is not required. True, with a decrease in the force of impact, the value of this method, its accuracy, increases, and for playing above the block, the "wrist" strike is considered the main, the only expedient strike.

In modern volleyball, when the expansion of the scope of attacking strikes is becoming increasingly important, including when they are at a significant distance from the net, brush movements around the vertical axis (“transfers” with the brush left and right) are increasingly used. As a rule, successful play in defense (when blocking and on the back line) depends on the ability to correctly determine in advance the direction of the ball's flight after an attacking hit. Relying only on the reaction of the player is not a promising thing. Therefore, many components of the actions of the attackers are studied, which makes it possible to foresee the directions of their actions. This is where the “brush work” around the vertical axis has a special effect, since with the help of this movement it is possible to change the direction of the ball’s flight completely unexpectedly for the opponent’s players. There is not and should not be any special starting position for various attacking blows, since it could prematurely reveal the intention of the attacker.

The movement of the brush around the vertical axis is also preferable for the accuracy of the strike. Let's look at the trajectory of the attacker's hand during active movement around the horizontal axis ("whip"). It is part of a circle. The direction of the ball's flight from the impact is tangent to this part of the circle, depending on the location of the impact. Thus, in order for the ball to hit the court, you need to touch it when hit in a strictly defined section of this circle. If the touch goes beyond the boundaries of this area, the ball will either go out of bounds or enter the net. If, however, the activity of rotation of the hand around the horizontal axis is reduced and increased around the vertical one, then the possibility of rectilinear movement of the brush appears, which increases the accuracy of the strike.

A few more words about the position of the elbow. In all cases, especially when the ball is in an uncomfortable position for hitting, the elbow of the kicking hand must not be lowered below the shoulder joint, since the desire to “cover” the ball leads to the movement of the arm in this joint and the hand will lower the ball into the net in a small circle. When the elbow is raised, the “covering” of the ball is combined with the movement of the entire body forward and the ball is “pushed” in the right direction.

Having understood the fundamental provisions of the direct attacking strike, let us now consider its general structure. The player starts with the right foot, taking a small step. He adjusts the speed of movements in this step depending on the height and distance of the ball. It is necessary to strictly observe the rule: "wait" for the ball either at the beginning of the movement or already in the air, in a jump. Stopping between these extreme positions (first step and jump) sharply reduces the quality of the jump or leads to a jump from a place. With the second step (left foot), the player determines the direction of the run. The leg is set so that in the future the direction of the run does not change. The third step provides overcoming the distance remaining to the place of repulsion. A three-step run is the most rational. In the game environment, there are other types of run (from one step to several steps of running). In order to achieve "springing", stretch the extensor muscles and force them to contract with great effect, the player, as it were, "stumbles" on legs slightly bent at the knees. Having completed all these movements, the player at the highest point of his jump meets the ball.

A sign of skill in attacking is the ability of a player to meet the ball in three phases of the jump: at the moment of take-off, at the top, or when lowering. But few people can master such a complex of skills. However, giving preference to any position for hitting, it should be remembered that the constantly used one and the same position when meeting the ball will sooner or later lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the hit.

After hitting, the player must land correctly on knees bent, sometimes to a deep squat and even touching the floor with their hands. Soft landing prevents injury to the knee and ankle joints. In addition, landing on bent legs contributes to the successful execution of any subsequent game techniques.

Wrist shots are used on short and fast passes. Fast passes are often passed close to the net, or even onto the net itself, and in such cases, the use of wrist strikes allows for an attacking shot without hitting the net. The arm is extended upwards, the hand is laid back, then it is sharply sent forward and covers the ball from above and from the corresponding side.

Discounts (Resets) are used by attackers when the pass is so inconvenient that normal attacking blows will inevitably hit the block. You can also effectively fold to the front line when the opponents are lined up, for example, a triple block, and the remaining players are deep in the back line. Discounts also use binders with high and accurate reception. As a rule, an attacker of the first pace participates in this, on which a block jumps, a pass is imitated by a binder from a jump, and then sharply goes down with one hand.

In the direction of the flight of the ball, attacking strikes are divided into strikes along the way (the direction of the player’s run-up coincides with the direction of the ball’s flight after the strike) and strikes with a turn of the arm or turn of the body (the direction of the ball’s flight does not coincide with the direction of the run-up).

According to the speed of the ball after the impact, they are divided into slow (up to 10 m / s), accelerated (up to 16 m / s) and high-speed (more than 16 m - such a blow is often called a power blow).

When performing attacking strikes for accuracy, direct accelerated strikes (wrist strikes) are used.

Accelerated striker

The structure of the preparatory phase of the strike (run-up, jump, backswing) is similar to the structure of the high-speed strike. In a shock movement, the arm is brought up slightly bent at the elbow. The blow itself is carried out by straightening the arm at the elbow with a simultaneous whip-like movement of the hand. After hitting the ball, the movement of the hand is sharply inhibited, it stops; accompanying movement is minimal.

In the game, accurate and fast attacking strikes may not bring the expected effect, since the opponent organizes a block near the net. Therefore, they use options for fighting against the block:

Strikes past the block - a direct high-speed attacking strike with a turn of the body, a direct accelerated one with a transfer by hand;

A blow above the block is a direct accelerated along the way;

Deception above the block - direct slow blow on the move;

Deception past the block - a direct slow blow with a hand transfer;

Hits on the block with a rebound to out - direct high-speed along the way, side.

Attacking kick with a twist of the torso

The blow is performed in three stages:

• Stage 1 - the features of the preparatory actions (run-up, jump, backswing) are as follows: when hitting with a transfer to the right, the player leaves the ball on the right side of the strike zone (it does not reach the player); the shock zone is located between the sagittal plane and the right hand extended forward and upward; when performing a kick with a transfer to the left, the ball should be on the left side of the strike zone (the player misses it a little);
• Stage 2 - turning the body in the air to the right or left;
• Stage 3 - execution of an attacking strike along the way in a new direction that does not coincide with the continuation of the run-up direction.

Forward kick with hand transfer

The preparatory phase is the same as in the strike on the move. In a shock movement, when moving to the right, the hand is led in an arc to the left and forward so that the brush lies on the ball on the left side. At the same time, the brush is penetrated, the thumb of the right hand is lowered; the right shoulder is slightly raised, and the left is lowered. After hitting the ball, the hand is lowered slightly, giving direction to the flight of the ball.

In a strike movement, when moving to the left of the vertical axis, the hand moves in a small forward-right arc so that the hand rests on the ball from above and to the right. At the same time, the hand is supinated, the thumb is raised up. Together with the movement of the hand, the left shoulder is somewhat brought forward. After hitting the ball, the hand is lowered down and forward.

Slow beats (deceptions)

When deceiving above the block, a direct slow blow is used along the way. All preparatory actions are performed as in a normal attacking strike. In the impact movement, the arm is moved, as in an accelerated attacking strike: they are brought to the vertical somewhat bent, with the elbow forward, the ball is hit by extension at the elbow, with the distal phalanges of the fingers folded in a "glass" (according to the model of transfer from above with one hand).

When deceiving past the block, a slow attacking blow is used with the hand moving to the right or left.

technique tactics striker blow volleyball

At the beginning of the chapter devoted to the presentation of the technique and tactics of the attacking blow, it is necessary to clarify the question of the classification of the attacking blow. In practice and literature, the following phenomenon is observed: different coaches and players call the same method of an attacking strike differently, or, conversely, they put a different meaning into the same term. For example, an attacking blow made from the fourth number to the fourth number of the opponent is called by some an oblique blow, others - by a direct one, and still others - by a blow "on the move".

The classification below uses the terms most common among volleyball players.

It is most correct to put the principle of the ratio of the direction of the attacker's take-off to the direction of the ball's flight after the strike as the basis for the classification of attacking strikes. Based on this basic principle, all attacking blows can be divided into two groups.

I. Forward blows "on the move" (in the course of the attacker's run). These are strikes in which the direction of the attacker's take-off approximately coincides with the direction of the ball's flight after the strike (the flight of the ball after the strike, as it were, goes along the mental continuation of the attacker's run-up direction) (Fig. 51).

Rice. 51. Forward strikes "on the move" and "with a turn"

II. Forward blows "with a turn." These are strikes in which the direction of the ball's flight after the impact is at a significant angle to the direction of the attacker's run (see Fig. 51).

Of course, most strikers "on the go" are carried out at some angle in relation to the attacker's run, but with a "turn" strike, this angle is more significant.

A small part of the strikes, like the oncoming and others, are made by the players without a run-up, therefore, when classifying such strikes, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the position of the attacker's torso before the jump and the direction of the ball's flight after the strike. So, if the direction of the ball's flight after the impact approximately coincides with the sagittal axis of the attacker's body before the jump, this will be a blow "on the move"; if the direction of the ball's flight after the impact is at a significant angle to the position of the sagittal axis of the attacker's body before the jump, this is a “turning” impact (Fig. 52).

Rice. 52. Sagittal axis of the player's body

Strokes "on the go" and strikes "with a turn" can be performed by various techniques:

I. Forward blows "on the go"
Strikes "on the go" with the right (left) hand
"Wrist" strikes "along the way" with the right (left) hand
Side upper blows “along the way” with the right (left) hand
Fraudulent blows "on the move" with the right (left) hand

II. Forward punches "with a twist"

Strikes "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
"Wrist" strikes "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
Side upper blows "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
Deceptive blows "with a turn" with the right (left) hand

This classification takes into account the characteristics of the strike technique (“wrist” strikes). Let's try to give a more precise definition of strikes "on the move" and "with a turn".

Hits "on the go" with the right and left hand are hits in which the direction of the take-off, the sagittal axis of the attacker's body at the moment of impact and the flight of the ball after the impact approximately coincide in direction.

Right-handed and left-handed "turn" strikes are strikes in which the direction of the ball's flight after the strike and the sagittal axis of the attacker's body at the moment of impact approximately coincide in direction, but are at a significant angle with respect to the direction of the run-up. In order to distinguish this type of strikes from the general group of strikes “on the move” and strikes “with a turn”, it would be more correct to call them direct strikes “on the move” (“with a turn”), which would emphasize the nature of the movement of the striking hand and the absence of players in these strikes of distracting movements with the body in the direction opposite to the direction of the strike, to mislead the blockers. However, for brevity, they can be called briefly - strikes "on the go", strikes "with a turn."

These types of offensive punches are relatively easy to block, since it is not difficult for the blocker to determine the direction of the attacker's strike from the position of the sagittal axis of the player's body (it corresponds to the direction of the strike). Therefore, the old guard of Soviet volleyball players - A. Shcherbin, S. Isakhonyan, V. Filippov, A. Yakushev and others - have long begun to use a different kind of blows, which received, perhaps, not quite the correct name "carpal"; they are accompanied by false movements of the attacker's torso in the direction opposite to the direction of the ball's flight after the impact. "Wrist" strikes are also divided into strikes "on the move" and strikes "with a twist".

“Wrist” strikes that move” with the right and left hands should be called such strikes in which the direction of the run-up and the direction of the ball’s flight after the impact approximately coincide, but are at a significant angle to the attacker’s sagittal axis at the moment of impact. On the left side of Fig. 53 shows "wrist" blows "on the go" from zones 4 and 2.

"Wrist" strikes "with a turn" with the right and left hand are such strikes in which the direction of the ball's flight after the strike is at a significant angle to the direction of the attacker's run and his sagittal axis at the moment of impact. On the right side of Fig. 53 shows "wrist" punches "with a twist" from zones 4 and 2.

The classification of side overheads and feints is based on the same principles described above.

Rice. 53. "Wrist" blows "on the move" from zones 4 and 2 (on the left side of the picture) and "with a turn" from zones 4 and 2 (on the right side of the picture)

In practice, both players and coaches often have to determine to which variety this or that attacking blow should be attributed. For such a definition, one can proceed from the proposed classification, but it is useful to make a more complete characterization of the attacking strike, and for this the following details should be taken into account.

1. The place where the strike was made (from zones 4, 3, 2).

2. From which gear the player shot - far from the net or close, high or low.

3. The force with which the blow was made (strong or weak blow).

4. The steepness of the flight of the ball after impact (it can be determined by the landing zone or receiving the ball).

Thus, any attacking blow can be accurately characterized. For example, a left striker from his own zone made a strong attacking right hand "with a twist" from a long pass into zone 1 of the opponent's court.

A unified view of the classification of attacking blows will help not only practical work, but will also allow our sports literature to more fully cover all aspects of this most important method of playing volleyball.

Attack blows.

The technical reception of the attack, which consists in interrupting with one hand the ball, which is above the upper edge of the net, on the side of the opponent, is called an attacking blow. The speed of the ball depends on the impact: the stronger the impact, the greater the speed, therefore, it is more difficult to receive it. According to the execution technique, a direct attacking blow and a side blow are distinguished. Both of them can be performed in a jump from a place or from a running start. According to the speed of the ball flight, there are: 1) Power (high-speed); 2) carpal (accelerated); 3) Deceptive (slow).

Direct striker. The length of the takeoff ranges from 2 to 4 m and consists of 2 to 4 steps. The first step is short, performed gently, as if stealthily, the last step is long, performed in the form of a jump. The straight leg is brought forward and placed on the heel, followed quickly byother leg. The torso leans slightly back, arms down-behind. Together with the roll onto the toes, the legs straighten and a jump is performed: the striking arm rises above the shoulder with a wave along the shortest path.

Rice. 12 Direct striker.

In the jump, the shoulders and the striking arm are retracted, the body bends (Fig. 12). From this moment, the execution of the actual attacking blow begins. The first movement is to bring the elbow of the striking arm forward. The kicking arm, unbending at the elbow joint, begins to move forward and hit the ball with an accentuated movement of the brush. The fingers of the hand at the moment of impact are tightly compressed, the ball is somewhat ahead of the player. Landing after a strike is performed on bent legs with lowered arms, which gives the player the opportunity to quickly start moving in the desired direction or perform a second jump to block.

Rice. 13 Side striker.

Side striker (Fig. 13) is performed after a wide swing across the side of the striking hand. By changing the movements of the arm and hand, it is also possible to perform attacking strikes with the transfer of the ball to the right and left..

Hit c translation to the right or left. They come with and without torso rotation. Kicks with a twist of the body are performed in the same way as straight shots, but with a slight turn of the body in the direction of the blow and the ball is hit from above-behind-right. When moving to the right, the body begins an instant turn after taking off from the ground, then it is tilted to the left in order, andthe shoulder is taken away from the net. And when hitting without turning the body, the main role is played by hitting the ball with a brush. (Fig. 14).

Yu.D, Zheleznyak, Yu.M. Portnov suggest that the development of attacking blows largely depends on the development of speed-strength qualities (jumping ability and dynamic strength) and coordination abilities (spatio-temporal and muscle coordination) of a volleyball player. When learning an attacking blow, a dissected method is used: the final movement (final effort) is studied - swinging and hitting the ball in a supporting position; jump up with a push with two legs from a place and a run; a blow in an unsupported position (in a jump) from a place and after moving in one, two and three steps; hit from gears of various heights and distances; hit when resisted by blockers.

The exercises and their methodological sequence are the same in nature for all methods of attacking blows.

Leading exercises:

1. Jump with two legs from a place, vertical take-off; the same after moving and stopping; the same with a rotation of 90, 180, 360; jump up with a push with two legs with a run in one, two, three steps. On the last step, the right foot is in front, the left is put to it.

2. Mastering the rhythm of the run-up: marking steps, using sound cues (reproducing the rhythm of steps).

3. Mastering the stroke with the brush on the ball: hitting the volleyball with the brush, kneeling on the gymnastic mat. The swing is small, at the moment of impact the arm is straightened; hitting a ball fixed on rubber shock absorbers; a series of hits on the ball near the training wall.

4. Throwing a tennis ball over the net in a running jump.

5. An attacker hitting a ball fixed on rubber shock absorbers in a jump: from a place and from a running start.

6. Forward kick through the net at the ball installed in the holder.

7. Mastering the impact on a flying ball. Throwing the ball to different heights and hitting overhead: standing still and jumping. The same in pairs with the transfer of a partner.

8. An offensive strike through the net at the ball, directed with the help of a ball-thrower, which allows you to send the ball along a strictly established trajectory. If there is no such device, the ball is tossed by the coach or partner.

Attacking strikes are the most effective way for a team to attack. These techniques are performed in a running jump at the net. The attacking blow delights the audience and gives great pleasure to the volleyball players themselves.

The main method of an attacking strike is a direct attacking strike "on the move", when the direction of the ball's flight coincides with the direction of the player's run before the jump.

An attacking hit with a transfer is a kind of direct gift, this is such a hit when the direction of the ball's flight after the hit does not coincide with the direction of the player's run before the jump.

The most difficult thing in the technique of attacking shots is that the player must very accurately calculate his actions in accordance with the height and direction of the ball and hit the ball at the highest point of the jump. Most of the mistakes in the study of an attacking strike come from the inability of those involved to get to the ball in time: the player jumps too early, or lags with the jump, as a result of an inaccurately calculated jump to hit the ball is behind the player, far ahead or to the side of him. Such shortcomings make it difficult for those involved in the correct movement when hitting the ball and for a long time delay the process of forming the motor skill of an attacking strike. That is why the role of special exercises (preparatory and leading) is so great when teaching an attacking strike.

A.V. Belyaev, M.V. Savin recommend starting training with a direct attacking strike along the way, then moving on to mastering an attacking strike with transfers. In the future, as you master the direct, you can study the side striker. Training is carried out only divided in the following sequence:

1. Jump up from a place with a push with two legs with a swing of the arms;

2. Run along with a jump and swing;

3. Hitting the ball.

Sample exercises for learning:

1. Jump from a place up with a swing of the arms.

2. The same, but rotated by 90, 180, 360.

3. Jump up with a push with two legs after one step forward, to the side.

4. Jumping from a flybridge.

5. Jumping off a hill.

2.1. Take a wide step forward, putting your foot on the heel, put the other foot and jump (at the moment of the first step they take it back).

2. The same, but do it quickly.

3. The same, but perform the first (stopping) step in a jump.

4. The same, but perform with two, three steps.

5. The same, but with getting the object at a height.

6. The same, but the run from the line of attack.

When jumping, both hands are swung up.

1. Imitation of shock movement on the spot, in a jump, from a run.

2. Hitting the ball with the brush while kneeling.

3. Hitting a ball suspended at arm's length.

4. Hitting the wall through the floor on the spot and in the jump.

5. Forward strike in pairs on the spot and in a jump (one throws the ball and passes).

6. Throwing tennis balls over the net on the spot and with a running start.

7. Kick through the net, standing on a dais, from your own toss.

8. The same, but the partner throws the ball.

9. Kick through the net from a place in a jump from your own toss (hit from different zones).

10. The same, but the partner throws the ball.

11. The same, but with one, two, three steps.

12. The same, but with the transfer of a partner.

Mistakes in training:

Stopping step on the toe;

Stop before repulsion;

The absence of a forward-upward swing of the non-beating hand;

A blow with an arm bent at the elbow;

At the moment of impact, lowering the elbow down;

Early or late takeoff;

Incorrect rhythm or run;

Wrong depth of squat before repulsion and setting of feet;

Slow repulsion;

Insufficient impact force and inaccurate application of the brush to the ball;

Landing after a strike on straight legs.

The attacking strike is the main tactical means of combating an opponent. The attacking player, depending on the direction and height of the passes, the attack zone, the location of the block and the defenders of the opponent, tries to choose the most rational (for a specific situation) method of hitting. Lack of variation in offensive hitting technique results in a loss of a point or serve.

The kicker must:

1 - evaluate the quality of the second transfer and choose the method of performing an attacking blow;

2 - follow the movements of blockers and defenders of the opponent;

3 - do not lose the ball from “uncomfortable” passes;

4 - to master blows with the transfer of the ball to the left and right, deceptive blows, blows from the block, etc.;

5 - before the run-up for an attacking strike - a quick look at the opponent's side to assess the location of the players of the defending team.

Improving the technique of attacking blows includes the following groups of exercises:

a) attacking blows from all types of passes to the target;

b) attacking strikes against a single and group block with a specific task for the opposing sides;

c) attacking blows to defenders with a specific task for the opposing sides;

d) offensive strikes after receiving serves against the block and defenders.

Sample exercises:

1. Attack hit in zone 4. Pass from zone 6 to 3, from 3 to 4 and attack hit. Next, the attacking player imitates a block in zone 3 - moves to zone 2, performs an attacking hit from the pass of a player in zone 3, then a block in zone 3, an attacking hit in zone 4, etc.

2. Offensive hit from low, short passes by the setter and behind his back (first pass from deep in the court).

3. An attacking blow from all types of passes to zones free from defenders (at the time of the attacking player's run-up, 1-2 defenders change the zones of their original location).

4. Forward blow from the block into touch (first transfer from the depth of the site).

5. Offensive hit against a single block from low and short second passes in front of and behind the setter (first pass from deep in the court).

6. Serial offensive strikes from zone 4 (2,3) from the second transfer after the attacking player has received the innings (hit on the target). After each hit, receiving the ball in defense (hit from the coach).

7. The same, but with a single, group block, with one and two defenders.

8. Runner hits from second gear from all offensive zones after receiving by a non-hitter:

From all types of transfers to the target;

Protium of a single and group block;

Against the block and defenders.

9. Forward hit from the first passes from different attack zones without a block, with a single block (the first pass is performed from different zones after the ball is thrown from the other side of the court).

10. Offensive hit with 1st and 2nd pace after the reception of innings by non-attacking players, with a block and defenders.

A.G. Airyants offers the following methods of technical training:

At the first stage, the main thing is this familiarization with the technique being learned.

1. Display. It should be exemplary and be supplemented by a demonstration of visual aids (films, diagrams, site layouts, etc.).

2. Explanation. It should be short and understandable for those involved. Usually the demonstration is alternated with an explanation.

At the second stage, the main thing is the study of reception in simplified conditions.

1. Holistic learning method. Holistic learning of a technique creates a more complete picture of the studied action and a solid logical basis for the formation of a motor skill. Usually this method is used when learning simple techniques that are simple in structure.

2. Dissected method. The technique is divided into phases or parts, while highlighting the main link or what is most difficult for those involved. You should not linger for a long time on the study of individual parts of the reception. Those involved as quickly as possible are brought to the execution of the movement as a whole.

At the third stage, the main thing is the study of reception in complicated conditions.

1. Repeat method. Only repeated repetition contributes to the formation and consolidation of skills and knowledge, stability and reliability of technology. Repetition involves changing conditions (gradual complication) in order to form a flexible skill.

2. Complication and difficulty of tasks in comparison with competitive ones (introduction of several balls, increase in the number of actions per unit of time, fast switching, etc.).

3. Performing techniques against the background of fatigue (at the end of classes, after intensive exercises).

4. Performing exercises in the conditions of combat with resistance.

5. Game method.

6. Associated method. It allows you to solve the problems of improving technology and developing special qualities, as well as technical training and the formation of tactical skills.

7. Competitive method.

At the fourth stage, the main thing is to fix the prim in the game.

1. Analysis of the performed movements (using special types of game recording).

2. Special tasks on technique in the educational game.

3. Game method.

4. Competitive method.

5. Interval method.

Training begins with a direct attacking strike along the way. Then they move on to mastering the attacking strike with transfers. Training is conducted only by the dissected method. First, they study the run and jump, seeking to consolidate the rhythm of movements. Particular attention should be paid to the correct positioning of the legs during repulsion. For the study of jumps, the following exemplary exercises are recommended:

1. Jump from a place up, up-forward, to the side, up-back.

2. Jump from a place with a turn (from 90 to 360) to the right and left.

3. Jumps in series of 5-10 times, focusing on takeoff height.

To study the technique of a run-up jump, after showing and explaining, it should be performed first with one step, then with two and, finally, with three steps. Sample exercises:

1. Take a step, bringing forward a straight right leg (stopping step), attach the left and jump up.

2. The same, focusing on the leading swing movement with both hands.

3. Take a step, stop step and jump up with a swing of your arms.

4. The same, but perform the stop step in a jump. Particular attention should be paid to the setting of the stopping leg and the coordinated work of the legs and arms.

5. Take a run in 2-3 steps, a stop step and a jump up.

6. Perform jumps to the attacking strike from a running start, according to the teacher's signals, in combination with other exercises.

At the beginning of learning the technique of takeoff and jump, it is necessary to monitor the active repulsion from the support after jumping, as well as the active work of the hands in the swing movement, which contributes to a high jump.

When performing run-up jumps, the following mistakes are most common: in the stopping step, the foot is placed not on the heel, but on the toe, as a result of which there is no stopping effect, and the flight takes place in a horizontal plane; before repulsion, the player stops, which reduces the height of the jump; there is no advanced swinging movement of the arms, which reduces the height of the jump and disrupts the overall coordination of movements (1).

Errors are eliminated with the help of additional explanations and demonstrations, as well as lead-up exercises and repetitions of the studied exercises at a slow pace.

Particular attention must be paid to landing. The player must land on straight legs and immediately bend them to prepare for the next action. Special exercises contribute to the development of landing:

1. Jumping from a place, paying attention to the landing.

2. Jumping from gymnastic apparatus (horse, bench, gymnastic ladder).

3. Jumping from the flybridge, paying attention to the landing.

After mastering the run-up jump or in parallel with it, you should study hitting the ball under simplified conditions - without a jump, using the following exemplary exercises:

1. Hitting a ball suspended at arm's length, paying attention to the straightening of the arm when hitting.

2. Those involved are in pairs. One player throws the ball up with his left hand and kicks with his right hand in the direction of a partner who receives it from below with both hands.

3. The practitioner is located near the wall (5-6 m) and performs an attacking blow from his own throwing on the floor at a distance of 1 m from the wall.

4. The same, but the blows are performed continuously on the ball bouncing off the wall.

After mastering the parts of the attacking blow, the students can perform it as a whole, but under simplified conditions. Sample exercises:

1. Imitation of an attacking blow. It is necessary to pay attention to the correct sequence of work of the links of the body and their consistency.

2. The same, but at the net in zones 4, 3, 2. Then it is important to follow the place of repulsion and landing.

3. The players are placed in a column one at a time in zones 4, 3, 2. At the signal of the teacher, the player performs a run, jump and throws a tennis ball over the net with an attacking blow.

4. Forward hit on the ball suspended above the net. Here, simplified conditions are created for the consistent and coordinated work of the parts of the body when performing the reception as a whole.

5. Players line up in pairs. One of them, being on the side of the kicking hand of another player, throws the ball up; the other, being at a distance of 2-3 m from him, runs up and performs an attacking blow.

This exercise can also be done against a wall.

6. The position is the same, but player 1, tossing the ball, stands at the net. Player 2 runs up and executes an offensive shot over the net.

7. Players are positioned as in drill 5. Instead of tossing, the player passes the ball from above with both hands, and a partner takes an attacking hit from this pass.

8. Players with balls line up one at a time in zone 4, one player in zone 3. From zone 4 a pass is made to zone 3. From zone 4 a pass is made to zone 3, a player in zone 3 passes the ball for a kick to zone 4, the player zone 4 runs up and carries out an attacking blow.

The transferring player of zone 3 can not be changed, and if changed, then by the player who made the attacking kick.

After mastering the hit from zone 4, attack hits can be made from zone 3 from a pass from zone 2, and then from zone 2 from a pass from zone 3. In the latter case, attention should be paid to the fact that the pass is from the side of the weakest hand; therefore, the execution of the strike is somewhat specific.

Typical mistakes in an attacking strike in the initial period of training:

during a run - delay with access to the ball or running the ball, exit sideways to the net;

in a jump - the jump is performed not up, but in length, because of which it touches the net; insufficiently active movements of the hands in the swing movement;

upon impact - a blow with a bent arm along the edge of the ball;

when landing - landing on straight legs without subsequent bending of them at the knees.

To eliminate errors when performing an attacking strike, it is advisable to use a detailed demonstration and explanation of the structure of movements, imitation and lead-up exercises, highlighting an erroneous movement and its detailed study, as well as performing an attacking strike under simplified conditions.

After mastering the structure of the movement, you can proceed to its improvement, mastering more complex variants of attacking strikes, gradually increasing the degree of difficulty of the exercises and the conditions for their implementation. To do this, you can use typical exercises:

1. Forward blows from own throwing from different zones in different directions.

2. Forward strikes from long passes: from zone 4 from a pass from zone 2; from zone 2 with a transfer from zone 4.

3. Forward shots from short passes: from zone 4 from a pass from zone 4; from zone 3 with a transfer from zone 3; from zone 2 with a transfer from zone 2.

4. Forward strikes from a pass from the depth of the court: from zone 4 from a pass from zone 6; from zone 2 with a transmission from zone 6, etc.

5. Forward strikes from high-speed and accelerated long and short passes: from zone 4 from transfers from zones 3 and 2; from zone 3 with a transfer from zone 2; from zone 2 with transmissions from zones 4 and 3.

6. Forward blows from high-speed and accelerated short passes: in zone 4 from zones 4 and 6; in zone 3 from zone 3; in zone 2 from zone 2.

7. Forward strikes from balls far from the net: from zones 1, 5, 6 from the ball from the net; from areas of the front line with a pass far from the net.

8. Attacking blows with the translation of the body to the left and right in various directions.

9. Forward strikes with the transfer of the hand to the left and right to certain areas of the site.

10. Forward strikes from the first transfer and kickback.

11. Forward strikes with movement to neighboring zones.

12. A series of attacking blows (10-15), performed with maximum speed.

13. Forward strikes against single and group blocks. At a certain stage, it is necessary to improve attacking blows with counteraction, which is most consistent with the conditions of the game.

14. Offensive hits after passing, blocking, jumping, etc. Exercises of this type contribute to the formation of the skill of using an offensive hit in the game.

The process of learning and improving attacking strikes should be built in such a way that the student gradually masters all their methods and options, learns to perform with any hand from various starting positions in various conditions.