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"The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" Yermolai-Erasmus Compiled by Andreyanova I. E., teacher of the Russian language at the Karpov secondary school
The story was written in the middle of the 16th century. writer Yermolai-Erasmus. The priest was given the task of writing an essay about the saints of Murom - Prince Peter and his wife. This life was supposed to be included in the complete all-Russian collection of lives - "The Great Menaion of the Cheti" (monthly readings)
The heroes of the story are historical figures: Peter and Fevronia reigned in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century. But in the "Tale ..." only names are historical, around which a number of folk legends were created. At the council of 1547, Peter and Fevronia were canonized, that is, canonized as saints. But the work was not included in the collection
The author tries to solve contemporary problems: 1. how a ruler should treat his subjects; 2. who are the boyars and peasants; 3. how evil comes into this world, is it possible to fight it; 4. Does evil have its servants?
Genre originality of the story Tale? Life? Story?
TALE - a genre of oral folk art, a story about fictitious events, which depicts the victory of good over evil, embodied folk ideas about beauty, justice, human dignity.
LIFE - a biography of people declared saints by the Christian church.
STORY - an epic genre that is intermediate between a story and a novel, in which a number of episodes from the life of a hero (heroes) are presented.
Fairy tale ending. The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday fairy tale about a wise maiden. There is a fairy-tale hero snake-tempter. Good conquers evil. Peter defeats the snake. There are riddles that often have to be guessed by the heroes of fairy tales. Cunning tasks-tests (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bundle of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log). Magic helpers (for example, Agric's sword). Constant epithets (“crafty serpent”, “wise maiden”). fairy traits
The author glorifies the saints, creating ideal images. (Peter - pious, saint; Fevronia - saint, reverend, blessed). The love of heroes for God, the veneration of the heroes of the Bible. Miracles that heroes do. Unusual death and posthumous miracles. There is a word of praise to the saints. The story uses vocabulary typical of spiritual literature: blessed, doing alms, the commandments of the Lord, loving children, etc. FEATURES OF LIVING
1. Specific places of action are indicated: the city of Murom, Ryazan land, the village of Laskovo. This lends credibility to the story. 2. The characters in the story are real people. 3. Details. 4. The personality of the peasant woman comes to the fore. 5. Theme of social inequality. 6. The story of the boyars rushing to power, who killed each other in civil strife. Features of the story
The genre of "The Tale ..." does not find any correspondence either with the historical story or with the life. The presence of poetic fiction, dating back to the traditions of a folk tale, the author's ability to generalize various phenomena of life, allows us to consider "The Tale ..." as the initial stage in the development of the genre.
The temple of Peter and Fevronia, where the relics of the saints are kept, is the Trinity Cathedral in the Holy Trinity Monastery in the city of Murom. Pilgrims come to this cathedral from all over Russia and even from abroad to venerate the relics of Peter and Fevronia and ask the holy faithful for marital happiness, true love and fidelity.
Cancer with relics
In 2008, on July 8, a wonderful holiday appeared in Russia - the All-Russian Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. This beautiful summer day was chosen for the holiday not by chance - for more than 780 years, the Orthodox have been honoring the memory of the holy noble princes Peter and Fevronia of Murom on July 8 - the patrons of family happiness, love and fidelity. Among the people, July 8, the Day of Peter and Fevronia, has long been considered happy for love and is simply created for weddings.
Opening date: July 8, 2009 (the day of memory of Peter and Fevronia of Murom). Place of installation: on Pervomaisky Boulevard between the Kazan Convent and the Yaroslavl registry office. Sculptor: Konstantin Chernyavsky. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Yaroslavl is a three-meter bronze sculptural composition with figures of Saints Peter and Fevronia holding a dove in their hands - a symbol of the family hearth and peace. The monument in Yaroslavl was erected as part of the nationwide program "In the Family Circle". YAROSLAVL
Opening date: October 14, 2009 Place of installation: in the Preobrazhensky park of Abakan next to the Transfiguration Cathedral. Sculptor: Konstantin Zinich. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Abakan was erected not far from the metal oak, on which the newlyweds, according to local tradition, hang locks with the names of their couple, and throw the key to the lock to the bottom of a nearby reservoir. Now this traditional wedding place of Abakan has been supplemented with a monument to Peter and Fevronia - on the wedding day, the newlyweds can ask the saints to make their marriage happy. The sculptor Konstantin Zinich tried not only to depict the holy princely couple, but to show the triumph of the spiritual principle in marriage. The monument to Peter and Fevronia is cast in bronze, the height of the bronze figures reaches 2.6 meters, together with the pedestal - about 4 meters. ABAKAN
Opening date: July 8, 2008 (the day of memory of Peter and Fevronia of Murom). Place of installation: in front of the building of the Murom registry office. Sculptor: Nikolai Shcherbakov. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Murom is called "Union of love - a wise marriage." In this sculptural composition, Saints Peter and Fevronia are depicted as two kneeling figures, gently stretching out their hands to each other. MUROM
ARKHANGELSK Opening date: June 28, 2009 Place of installation: at the intersection of Loginova street and the Northern Dvina embankment next to the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Sculptor: Konstantin Chernyavsky. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Arkhangelsk is made of bronze and reaches a height of 3.3 meters. The sculptor depicted the scene of the return of princes Peter and Fevronia from exile back to reign in Murom. The monument in Arkhangelsk was installed as part of the national program "In the family circle". As conceived by the organizers of the project, they wanted to create a local tradition for newlyweds - on the day of marriage or wedding, come to the monument to Peter and Fevronia to bow to the patron saints of marriage and ask them for the well-being of family life.
Opening date: July 5, 2009 Place of installation: in front of the building of Ulyanovsk State University. Sculptors: Oleg Klyuev and Nikolai Antsiferov. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Ulyanovsk is made of bronze and represents the young princes Peter and Fevronia with a dove, symbolizing love and fidelity. The monument in Ulyanovsk was erected as part of the national program "In the family circle". ULYANOVSK
Opening date: July 8, 2009 (the day of memory of Peter and Fevronia of Murom). Place of installation: on the square in front of the building of the Sochi registry office. Sculptor: Konstantin Chernyavsky. The monument to Peter and Fevronia in Sochi represents Peter and Fevronia in monastic robes under the trees, in the crown of the trees in the nest there is a family of pigeons, and under the tree sits a hare, a friend of Fevronia since girlhood. The monument is cast in bronze, its weight is 3 tons, its height is 3.2 meters. The monument in Sochi was erected as part of the nationwide program "In the Family Circle". Even now in Sochi, a tradition is emerging among young people to make a marriage proposal at the monument to Peter and Fevronia. SOCHI
OMSK BIYSK IRKUTSK SAMARA
Sources used 1. Encyclopedia for children. E. 9. Russian literature. Part 1. / Main. Ed. M. D. AKSENOV – M.: Avanta+, 1998. 2. Kuskov VV History of ancient Russian literature. - M .: Higher. school, 1998. 3. www.petr-fevronia.ru 4. www.zlatoriza.ru
The Metropolitan did not include the life of Peter and Fevronia to the collection Great Menaion Chetiih. Sources do not name the reasons for this decision. (In the textbook - it did not converge in form and content with the hagiographic canon).
genre- life. (The life and deeds of the saints are described. The life was created after the death of the saint, but not always after the formal canonization. Life is characterized by strict content and structural restrictions (canon, literary etiquette), which greatly distinguish it from secular biographies. Hagiography is the study of lives.) Lives - the genre, characteristic of the entire medieval period of the development of literature, was established in the literature of Kievan Rus in the 11th century. Features in this work, coinciding with the features of life:
- The author glorifies the saints, creating ideal images. (Peter - pious, holy; Fevronia - holy, reverend, blessed).
- The love of heroes for God, the veneration of the heroes of the Bible
- Miracles that heroes do
- Unusual death and posthumous miracles
- There is a word of praise to the saints.
- The story uses vocabulary typical of spiritual literature: blessed, doing alms, the commandments of the Lord, loving children, etc.
Most researchers believe that the main conflict life is concluded in the struggle of the Murom boyars and the maiden Fevronia. The true conflict of life is the struggle of God and the devil for the human soul.
Through the entire introduction, the scribe consistently leads one thought: the text of the narrative cannot be taken only literally, it is symbolic. We read that the Lord's dispassion (that is, the absence of passions) "cannot be compared with anything," but somehow it is necessary to convey this idea to the minds of readers, so we "are talking about the sun and the tree, since they are God's creatures, the builder and the creator is indescribable."
As we see, plot"Tales" built on the active actions of two opposing sides, and only thanks to the personal qualities of the heroine does she emerge victorious. Mind, nobility and meekness help Fevronia overcome all the hostile actions of her strong opponents.
Ideas humanity, characteristic of the work of E.-E, found the most complete expression in this work.
In the story about Peter and Fevronia of Murom, one can trace a few main ideas. The first - "the significance of a person is determined not by his social origin, but by wisdom." The second, the most impressive, but more intimate, is "true love is the main value, it is able to overcome all difficulties, even death", an example given by Shakespeare in the images of Romeo and Juliet. One can also note the idea that wisdom and calmness should be the basis of life, but it is closely woven into the first two ideas, and it is difficult to isolate it separately.
Heroes of the story- historical figures: Peter and Fevronya reigned in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century, but only names are historical in the story.
The story, borrowing elements of the fairy tale and creating vivid memorable characters, is not only an example of the pious life of Russian princes, but also a storehouse of worldly wisdom.
MOU "Bessonovskaya secondary school
Belgorodsky district of the Belgorod region»
Literature lesson
"Our heart will keep love and fidelity"
(based on The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom)
S. Bessonovka
Lesson topic: "Love and fidelity will heal our hearts" (based on "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" by Yermolai-Erasmus)
Target: to show the significance of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" in the formation of moral family values
1. Educational:
identify the problematic of the story;
to determine the methods of creating an artistic person of Ancient Russia;
improve the skills of characterization of heroes.
2. Educational:
to cultivate moral qualities: kindness, devotion, fidelity in friendship and in love, the ability to forgive;
cultivate respect for the culture of the native country and the native language.
3. Developing:
develop logical thinking, oral and written speech, communication skills (work in groups);
develop research skills.
Type of lesson: lesson - research (using interactive techniques)
Dictionary work: blessed, righteous, pious, faithful, cancer with relics.
Equipment: multimedia projector, computer.
Homework (preliminary): tasks for groups, individual.
The lesson is accompanied by a multimedia presentation
Attachment 1
During the classes
Organizing time.
Hello guys, hello dear guests.
Approach to the topic of the lesson. Intrigue.
What do you think, can the attitude to the main truths in a person's life change over the centuries, or does it remain unchanged?
What do you think is the most important thing in life?
But what do such different people who lived in different eras think about this - Blessed Augustine (4-5 centuries AD) and Academician D. Likhachev (20th century)
Epigraphs:
All virtues are nothing but love in different forms.
(Blessed Augustine)
Morality is the same in all ages and for all people. Reading about obsolete in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves.
(D. Likhachev)
Pay attention to the topic of our lesson. It sounds like this: “The heart will heal us ... and ...”. Write it down in your notebook.
Guys, what does the verb “heal” mean and who is called a “healer”? Let's look into the dictionary of V. Dahl
* To heal - to free someone from diseases, to cure, to restore health.
A healer is someone who heals. (V.I. Dal)
What can heal a person's heart?
Tell each other in pairs.
Write the answers on the petals.
We will return to your answers a little later and will be able to restore the topic of today's lesson: "... Our heart will heal ... .. and ......". The work that will help us answer these and other questions is one of the most beloved and most read works of ancient Russian literature of the 16th century - The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom by Yermolai - Erasmus.
The purpose of the lesson: Today in the lesson we will talk about human relations, we will try to understand what the author wanted to tell us, what problems worried the writer of the distant past, we will determine what the genre of this work is.
III . Educational research. Group performances.
Let me open a meeting of the Academic Council to solve the tasks outlined. The members of the Academic Council are literary critics, linguists, historians, and art historians. Each group was given a topic to explore. Each group will share the results.
The story is one of the masterpieces of ancient Russian literature, it entered the treasury of world culture and the name of its author should be among the most prominent writers of the Russian Middle Ages.
Who wrote this work? What is his background?
Word to our historians.
1. Speech by "historians".
Fast forward to the distant sixteenth century - the time of the formation of a single Russian state with the capital city of Moscow. The unification of Russia was followed by the unification of Russian culture. Under the leadership of Metropolitan Macarius, an extensive - 12 huge volumes - collection of all that is being compiled, i.e. books read in Russia. This meeting was called "Great Cheti-Minei". Menaion from mineos (Greek) - month.
And four are monthly readings. In the "Great Cheti-Minei", in the order of months and days, stories about the life of the saints of the Orthodox Church were presented. A Russian proverb says: "A city does not stand without a saint, a village without a righteous man." And Macarius instructs the priests to collect traditions from the Russian lands about the righteous people who became famous for their pious deeds. Priest Yermolai was commissioned to write the life of the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia.
Who are they - Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia? Does history know such names?
We found out that the chronicle does not know Prince Peter of Murom and his wife Fevronia, and folk tradition identifies them with Prince David of Murom, who married a peasant woman Euphrosyne in gratitude for the fact that she healed him of an illness from which no one could cure. Yermolai - Erasmus literary processed local legends about Peter and Fevronia and the legend of a flying snake - a werewolf and a wise maiden. However, in addition to the name, the city of Murom has other historical realities.
Let's remember what historical objects are found in the story? I say the name, and your task is to remember which hero is associated with or in which episode it occurs:
The village of Laskovo, Ryazan land
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy and Life-Giving Cross
Cathedral Church of the Holy Mother of God
City Cathedral Church of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin.
Thus, having considered the historical realities, we are convinced that it was important for the author to emphasize the authenticity of the events that he speaks about in his work.
IV .Speech by "literary critics".
As you know, Metropolitan Macarius did not include the life he ordered in the selection "Great Honors - Menaions." Why?... The answer is in the studies of creative groups of students - literary critics who worked on identifying the features of the genre of this work: “A fairy tale? Life? Story?
1 group of literary critics - a fairy tale
A fairy tale is a folklore work with an installation for fiction.
After reading The Tale of Peter and Fevronia, we identified the following features of the tale:
The beginning of the story resembles a fairy-tale beginning: “There is a city in the Russian land ... A prince named Pavel once ruled in it ...”
The story begins with an event that, undoubtedly, passed here from a fairy tale: a Serpent began to fly to the wife of Prince Paul and seduce her.
The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday fairy tale about a wise maiden. As in all fairy tales, there is a fairy-tale hero - a snake-tempter.
According to the laws of a fairy tale, Good always triumphs over evil: Peter defeated the serpent.
There are riddles that often have to be guessed by the heroes of fairy tales. For example: "It's bad when the house is without ears, and the upper room without eyes."
Cunning test tasks (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bundle of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log)
Magic items (for example, Agrik's sword, on which the Serpent dies)
Constant epithets (“crafty serpent”, “wise maiden”).
Thus, the features we have identified that are characteristic of a fairy tale and everyday life allow us to classify The Tale of Peter and Fevronia as a genre of folklore.
But it should be noted that with the development of the plot, the images of Peter and Fevronia more and more begin to acquire the features of Russian saints.
2 group of literary critics - life
Hagiographic literature was very popular in Russia. The word "living" means "life". Lives were called works telling about saints - statesmen and religious figures, whose lives and deeds were regarded as exemplary. That is, the life is the biography of the saints.
Lives had a certain structure:
An introduction that explains the reasons that prompted the author to start the story.
The main part is a story about the life of the saint, his death and posthumous miracles.
The life ended with praise to the saint.
"The Tale of Peter and Fevronia" is written in the form of a life - this is an artistic biography of people canonized by the church as saints.
In the course of the work, we identified the following features of the hagiographic genre:
There is a laudatory word to the saints: “Let us, according to our strength, give praise to them ... Rejoice, reverend and blessed ones, for after death you invisibly heal those who come to you with faith! ..”
The love of heroes for God, the veneration of the heroes of the Bible.
Miracles that heroes perform (for example, Fevronia heals the sick, bread crumbs turned into incense, dead stumps became lush trees in the morning).
Unusual death and posthumous miracles (faithful spouses not only died on the same day and hour, but did not part after death; at the place of their burial, believers receive healing from the most serious ailments).
The story uses vocabulary typical of spiritual literature: blessed, doing alms, the commandments of the Lord, loving children, etc.
But, as we can note, in the story there is no construction of the work traditional for the genre of hagiography (only the finale is a classic example of hagiography).
3 group of literary critics - a story
The genre of the work is defined in the title: "Story". In the course of the study, we identified the following genre features:
Specific places of action are indicated: the city of Murom, Ryazan land, the village of Laskovo. This lends credibility to the story.
The characters in the story are real people.
The prince, before starting treatment, wants to test the wisdom of Fevronia and gives her impossible tasks. In a fairy tale, such tasks are performed with magical speed. Not so in the story. Fevronia responds to a crafty task with no less crafty ones.
For example, Fevronia wraps a thread around a needle: “... At that time she was finishing embroidering that holy air: only one saint had not yet finished the mantle, but had already embroidered her face; and stopped, and stuck her needle into the air, and wound around it the thread with which she embroidered ... ". This detail shows the amazing peace of mind of Fevronia, with which she decides to die with her loved one. The author said a lot about her with just this gesture.
The personality of the peasant woman comes to the fore
Theme of social inequality
The story of the boyars rushing to power, who killed each other in civil strife.
Thus, in this work there are elements of a historical story!
So what is the genre of this piece? Is it folklore or literary?
Write down the conclusion in notebooks: "To create the images of Peter and Fevronia, the author uses elements of several genre forms at once - a historical story, a fairy tale and everyday life, but the main form is life."
V . Story analysis.
1. Return to the topic of the lesson.
Guys, you carefully, thoughtfully read the story. What do you think it is about?
Let's restore the words missing in the title of the topic. You can do this by solving the crossword puzzles that are on your desks. (Crossword solution).
Ready? What keywords did you get? (love and fidelity).
2. Images of Peter and Fevronia.
You and I know that Peter and Fevronia did not accidentally become the heroes of the story. Prince Peter for the writer is the embodiment of a just princely power: having told about the reign of Prince Peter, the author showed what this power should be like. But he also showed an example of married life, fidelity and faith. Life according to the commandments of God, the conscious desire of a person to do good is the most important thing for the author.
What qualities of character must a person have in order for the memory of him to live for centuries?
From the proposed character traits, choose those that are revealed in the character of Peter; as evidence, select those actions of the hero that confirm these qualities in the hero.
Courage, bravery
Religiosity
Meekness and faithfulness to the commandments of God
Wisdom
Love and loyalty to loved ones
The ability to forgive
So, we found out that the character of Peter is revealed in actions, in relation to other people.
With the help of what objects can you and I imagine Peter's life path?
* Circle, ladder, path.
N. S. Demenkova believes that “the development of the plot is the steps, the stages of the moral insight of Peter, leaving the world of earthly passions for eternal truths.” I agree with this point of view, because Peter goes through the path of physical and spiritual healing thanks to Fevronia. His life path can be represented as a ladder. Stage 1 - the fight against external evil in the guise of a serpent - the tempter Stage 2 - Peter's illness and trials Stage 3 - the fight against internal evil - over pride Stage 4 - meekness and fidelity to the commandments of God, holiness.
Who helps the hero to recover from this disease?
What is the mystery of Fevronia? The character of the main character is multifaceted. Characteristics of Fevronia Confirmation from the text
miraculous gift
Loyalty
Moral Purity
The ability to selflessly love
The extraordinary wisdom of the girl comes to the fore in the story. The messenger, who is looking for a doctor for his prince, pays attention to the wisdom of the girl. What did the messenger see when he entered her house?
In this episode, we paid attention to the hare. The hare is a cowardly animal, but here he is not at all afraid of a person. So, Fevronia is able to tame animals. Fevronia of Murom is not the only holy maiden in the history of Christianity who had a tame hare. (Speech by an art critic on the iconography of Fevronia and St. Millengela of Wales).
Fevronia's needlework is also significant in this episode - she sits at a loom and weaves a canvas. Fevronia did not weave by chance. Household, hardworking women and girls of Ancient Russia could most often be seen behind a spinning wheel or a loom. Many ancient peoples made the masters and guardians of the destinies not of the gods, but of the goddesses sitting at the spinning wheel or loom. In the folklore of many peoples, the thread symbolizes human destiny. Hence the expression - "the thread of fate." Before her death, Fevronia embroidered “air” for the holy cup for the temple of the Virgin. But the "thread of fate" was to be interrupted, since Peter and Fevronia die on the same day.
Fevronia is also characterized through actions. One of the means of creating an artistic image of Fevronia is a detail. This is another feature of this work, because there are no details in the traditional life, the author avoids certainty, accuracy.
What do you think symbolizes the miraculous rebirth of the trees cut down for the fire?
* Firstly, the miraculous gift of the holy virgin Fevronia is confirmed, and secondly, the exile of Peter and Fevronia will end with the return to Murom and the restoration of the princely title.
Academician D.S. Likhachev noted: “The life-giving power of Fevronia’s love is so great that poles stuck in the ground bloom into trees with her blessing. The crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of sacred incense. She is so strong in spirit that she can decipher the thoughts of the people she meets. In the strength of her love, in the wisdom, as if prompted by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than even her ideal husband, Prince Peter.
If you and I compare her life path with the same subjects, which subject will you choose?
* He taught to value people not by origin, but by their actions.
How do the spouses respond to the intrigues of the boyars, who did not like the new princess for their low birth?
* Both Peter and Fevronia leave the city. For Peter, fidelity to the sacrament of marriage is higher than princely privileges.
What human vices make the boyars do this to the ruler?
* Envy, malice, deceit, vindictiveness.
Did the boyars punish the black deeds?
Yes. “... Many nobles in the city died from the sword, everyone wanted to rule, and they destroyed themselves ...”
What about remorse?
* "... Do not leave us defenseless, but return to your fatherland! .. If they angered you and made you angry ... now ... we are your slaves, we want and love, and we beg you, do not leave us ..."
3. Speech by linguists.
* Peter - blessed, faithful, holy, glorified, reverend, humble, sincere. Fevronia - holy, wise, divine, blessed, reverend.
What do the words "blessed", "pious", "reverend" mean?
What techniques for creating an artistic image helped us comprehend the images of saints?
* The nature of the characters, which was revealed in their actions, in relation to other people, an artistic detail, a comparison of the hero with other heroes, the author's assessment.
Which episode in the text confirms the inexhaustible power of love between Peter and Fevronia?
* Both spouses die on the same day and hour and are not separated even after death. - At the Moscow Church Council in 1547, Peter and Fevronia were canonized, that is, canonized as saints. There are two miraculous icons of Peter and Fevronia - in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in Murom and in the Church of the Small Exaltation in Moscow. Our art critic tried to comprehend the icon of the saints.
4. Speech by an art historian: analysis of the icon.
So, we conclude the meeting of our Academic Council. All studies were presented.
VI . Final word from the teacher.
Among all the lives of Russian saints, The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom shines with a special light. The Russian people have no other equally poetic and instructive story about marital love and fidelity. The Murom legend about the love of a prince and a peasant girl, which flourished under the pen of the church writer Yermolai the Sinful, became the most beloved reading of the Russian people. The story, reflecting the ideal of Christian marriage, is called "the pearl of ancient Russian literature" and entered the treasury of world culture.
VII . Summary of the lesson. Conclusions.
What is the main value of the book? What life values are affirmed in it? Write the conclusions in a notebook: The main idea of the story is the triumph of faith, wisdom, reason, goodness and love. The main human values affirmed in the story are love for people, courage, humility, family values, fidelity, religiosity.
What, in your opinion, helps to heal a person's heart? (read records)
What helped Fevronia heal Peter's heart? (Love and fidelity).
What did you write on your petals? (Reading records).
Let's collect your petals into one flower - chamomile. Do you think this common wild flower has anything to do with our lesson?
VIII . Message about the Day of family, love and fidelity.
On July 8, the Orthodox Church honors Saints Peter and Fevronia, and this day is considered the day of lovers in Orthodoxy. In 2008, this day was declared the day of family, love and fidelity, and chamomile became a symbol of this holiday. Many people make a pilgrimage to Murom: both those who have just decided to get married, and those who have just come to thank these saints for patronage in their family life or ask for their prayer before the Lord for the gift of family harmony and happiness.
This summer, the icon of Saints Peter and Fevronia visited many Russian cities. One of your classmates saw this icon and will say a few words about his impressions. (Student's speech).
IX . Reflection.
They resort to the help of saints in order to find a family, save love, and raise children. Looking at the flame of a candle burning in front of the icon of Saints Peter and Fevronia, you can mentally ask for true love, for the health and well-being of your loved ones.
We worship the eternal shrines,
And our love for the world is pure.
The Russian heart believes even now
The cruel world will be saved by beauty.
What a beauty? (spiritual)
Yermolai speaks about spiritual beauty - Erasmus in "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", about spiritual beauty is sung in a song.
Listening to the song "Peter and Fevronia" (peresvet choir "Peresvet")
X . Homework.
Composition - reasoning “What attracts readers in Peter and Fevronia today and what do the heroes of ancient Russian life teach us?”
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Text content of presentation slides: The ideological and artistic originality of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" » Vologda Subbotina I.P. July 8 is the All-Russian Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom are the patrons of the family and marriage. Their marriage is an example of Christian marriage and fidelity. “The family is a society in miniature, on the integrity of which the morality of human society depends” F. Adler Can the attitude to the main truths in a person's life change over the centuries or does it remain unchanged? The author of the story is the writer and publicist Yermolai, in monasticism - Erasmus. He was a priest in Pskov, then rector of the Cathedral of the Savior on Bor in Moscow, and then became a monk. “At one time they took monasticism and they put on monastic clothes. And the blessed Prince Peter David was named in the monastic rank, and the Monk Fevronia in the monastic rank was named Euphrosyne "Peter and Fevronia are historical figures. They reigned in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century and died in 1228. But the story is written on the basis of a local legend about wise peasant girl who became a princess. The village of Laskovo, which is mentioned in the story, still exists today, it is located near the village of Solotcha, where Fevronia was from. The prototype of the hero of the story, Prince Peter, could be Prince David Yuryevich, who ruled Murom at the beginning of the 13th century, who married a peasant woman, Euphrosyne. church cathedral in 1547. FAIRY TALE? LIVING? STORY? Conclusion: Tale Life Tale We have identified the following features of the tale: 1. Fairy-tale beginning. 2. The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday fairy tale about a wise maiden. 3. There is a fairy-tale hero snake tempter. 4. Good conquers evil. Peter defeats the snake 5. There are riddles that the heroes of fairy tales often have to guess6. Cunning tasks-tests (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bundle of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log) 7. Magic objects (for example, Agrikov's sword) 8. Constant epithets ("crafty serpent", "wise maiden"). a model of human behavior Introduction - an appeal to God (praise and prayer for help) Life itself - the birth of a saint, a righteous life, death and miracles glorifies the saints, creating ideal images. (Peter - pious, holy; Fevronia - holy, reverend, blessed). Love of heroes for God, veneration by the heroes of the Bible Miracles that heroes perform Unusual death and posthumous miracles There is a word of praise for the saints. The story uses vocabulary typical of spiritual literature: blessed, doing alms, the commandments of the Lord, loving children, etc. Conclusion: we have before us the image of a Russian saint, created according to all the rules of this genre, starting with a story about the youth of the heroine, about her pious life , ending with the author's appeal to God. 1. Specific places of action are indicated: the city of Murom, Ryazan land, the village of Laskovo. This gives the story authenticity. 2. The heroes of the story are real people The genre of the work is defined in the title: “The Story” “... At that time she was finishing embroidering that holy air: only one saint had not yet finished the mantle, but had already embroidered her face; and stopped, and stuck her needle into the air, and wrapped around it the thread with which she embroidered ... "3. Details 4. The personality of the peasant woman comes to the fore 5. The theme of social inequality 6. The story of the boyars rushing to power, who killed each other in civil strife elements of a folk-tale character “The life-giving power of Fevronia's love is so great that poles stuck in the ground bloom into trees with her blessing. The crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of sacred incense. She is so strong in spirit that she can decipher the thoughts of the people she meets. In the strength of her love, in the wisdom, as if prompted by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than her ideal husband, Prince Peter ”“ Peter and Fevronia, pray to God for us!” “LOVE IS LONG-SUFFERING, MERCY, LOVE IS NOT ENVYING, LOVE IS NOT HIGHLY HIGH, IS NOT PROUD, DOES NOT BE ROUGH, DOES NOT LOOK FOR HIS OWN, IS NOT IRRITATED, DOES NOT THINK EVIL” (1 Corinthians 13:4,5) EXACTLY SUCH LOVE HELPED Fevronia overcome the they alienated Peter, and Peter, in turn, for the sake of his beloved, to abandon the princely throne. For us, people of the 21st century, the memory of the great love of a man and a woman from the distant 13th century is very important! July 8 - Orthodox day of lovers The relics of Fevronia and Peter of Murom are buried in the Murom Holy Trinity Convent. Thousands of people come here to venerate their relics and pray.
Morality is the same in all ages and for all people. Reading about the obsolete in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves D. S. Likhachev.
“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” was written in the late 40s of the 16th century by a well-known writer and publicist at that time, who later became a monk under the name of Erasmus.
Genre (from French Genre - genus view) Historically established type of literary or folklore work (fairy tale, story, drama, etc.) Genre (from French Genre - genus view) Historically established type of literary or folklore work (fairy tale , short story, drama, etc.)
Genres of Old Russian literature chronicle story word apocrypha walking life-glorification of the life of a saint (hagiography)
Basis Lives of real biographies of historical persons
BUT! Ideal images were created like this:
conditional biographies according to the traditional scheme:
1. birth from pious parents 2. early monasticism 3. religious feat 4. blessed death and miracles at the grave 5. words of praise to the saint
What are the essential elements of the life of a saint? Mandatory doxology in honor of God, with which life begins. Praise to the saint himself. The story of the miraculous birth of a saint. In the life, the miracles of the saint are necessarily described. The life also ends with the glorification of God.
The plot of the life Features of the image of the saint The plot is based on a story about the life of a man glorified by the Church as a saint. The main purpose of the life is to substantiate the reason for recognizing this person as a saint, to describe his exploits for the glory of faith and the Church. In life there is no movement, growth, formation of character. He is holy from the moment of birth, he is the chosen one of God. And in this sense, he has no biography, the author has nothing to tell.
Genre originality of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom": a story, a fairy tale? life? “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” was written in the late 40s of the 16th century by a well-known writer and publicist at that time, who later became a monk under the name of Erasmus. Find features of life or elements of a fairy tale in the work.
Group work Features of life 1. The author glorifies the saints by creating ideal images. (There are praising epithets: Peter - pious, holy; Fevronia - holy, reverend, blessed, blessed). 2. There is a word of praise to the saints. 3. The love of heroes for God, life according to the "commandments of God." 4. Miracles that the hero does (for example, Fevronia healed the sick). 5. Unusual death and posthumous miracles.
Signs of a fairy tale 1. Fairy-tale beginning.2. The first part is similar to the folk tale about the tempting snake, the second - to the tale of the wise maiden. 3. There is a fairy-tale hero - a snake-tempter. 4. Good overcomes evil, as Peter defeats the evil serpent. 5. There are magical things: Agric's sword. 6. There are riddles that the heroes of fairy tales often have to guess. 7. There are ingenious test tasks (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bunch of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log). 8. In the language of the Tale there are constant epithets (“crafty serpent”, “wise maiden”).
In this work there are elements of a fairy tale and everyday life, and elements of life, and elements of a historical story. "The Tale" meanwhile is not a fairy tale at all. What? Life. But special. Not about the chosen ones. It is about how everyone can, or rather, will be forced to become a saint. God compels. Forces those who love Him (or is able to love) and does not resist Love in return. From traditional hagiographies, written strictly according to the canon, it is distinguished by the entertaining plot and narration, a kind of psychologism, folklore overtones, the fabulous nature of science fiction, and much more. This explains why the work of the learned monk Yermolai-Erasmus is often called not a life, but a story. And yet, if this is a story, then it is a life story.
Peter and Fevronia are historical figures. They reigned in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century and died in 1228. The story is written on the basis of a local legend about a wise peasant girl who became a princess.
Theme Idea Paphos Theme is a love story, not a biography of a saint, there are no descriptions of suffering. The theme of an ideal married life in the world and wise government. The idea is not religious, it is not to show the ideal of the righteous, the true servant of God. The idea is that love is a great, all-conquering feeling. Paphos - affirming the power of love, and not just glorifying the saint. There is no story in the composition about pious parents, about how faith in God woke up, about suffering in the name of God, about serving God.
Composition The first part is a story about Peter's feat. What feat did he accomplish? He finds a wonderful sword and fearlessly enters into battle with the enemy. Before us is the type of behavior of a Christian man in a critical situation: he does not wonder whether it is worth defending his brother-prince, a defenseless woman and the principality itself, since trouble has come, his destiny is struggle. No wonder Peter, in search of a miraculous sword, turns to God, and it is in the temple that the miraculous youth (angel) indicates the location of the weapon - in the altar church wall. . In other words, the sword is consecrated and kept by the powers of God.
Sword-treasurer Agrikov's sword The sword-treasurer is the name of the weapon of several heroes from Russian folklore. Could be magical and give the owner invincibility. Usually they fell into the hands of the owner from some kind of hiding place. With a treasure-sword, many heroes killed the evil and dangerous snakes.
The second part is a story about the exploits of Fevronia, the daughter of a simple Ryazan tree climber (beekeeper).
Highlight the main episodes in the work of the Devil's Tricks. Why the death of the serpent will happen. Death from Peter's shoulder and Agrikov's sword. Agric's sword found. The snake is killed. A wise girl from the village of Laskovo. Fevronia's condition and healing. Conspiracy against Princess Fevronia. “Give me what I ask!” Fevronia's perspicacity. Return to Murom and a happy reign. "The time of death has come." Miracles with the bodies of Peter and Fevronia.
Analysis of the episode Composition of episodes Composition of the first story of the story: Beginning: a kite flies to the wife of Prince Paul. Plot: it turns out that only Prince Peter can kill the snake. He must kill the serpent in the form of his brother. Resolution: after being struck with a sword, the serpent appears in its true form. Ending: Prince Peter falls ill.
Group work Make compositional plans for other episodes and prepare a concise retelling of them Composition of the third story: Beginning: the boyars are dissatisfied with the low origin of the princess. Plot: the boyars demand the expulsion of Fevronia; she receives permission to leave with the prince; the prince agrees. On the way, Prince Peter begins to doubt whether he did the right thing by leaving Murom. The denouement: the next day, the envoy of Murom, who caught up with Peter and Fevronia, asks them to return. Ending: Peter and Fevronia return to Murom and rule there until the end of their days.
How do you imagine the life path of Prince Peter? Peter goes through a difficult path of spiritual renewal in the story. The path of healing of the protagonist of the "Tale" can be represented by the following seemingly paradoxical scheme: to marry = to reconcile = to be healed by the soul = to be healed by the body. Indeed, the hero triumphs over the external evil of the world, embodied in the image of the tempting serpent, in the name of the honor of his brother, and the saint - over the internal evil of pride in the name of the dignity of a person, every person, a person as such.
What is the main feat performed by Peter in the second part of the story? The second part is no longer devoted to a military feat and a duel with an external force of evil, the main thing in it is a spiritual victory over one's sinfulness and a gradual, not physical, but spiritual healing. “The development of the plot of the story is the steps, stages of the gradual moral insight of Peter, leaving the world of earthly passions for the world of eternal truths” N.S. Demkov.
How did Fevronya help Peter win a spiritual victory? Fevronia helps Peter to defeat the evil in himself: it is no coincidence that she appears at the first meeting busy with weaving, and before her death she is busy with embroidery, this indirectly emphasizes her connection with fate. But her omniscience is provided not by a witch's gift, but by the power of love. As academician D.S. Likhachev: “The life-giving power of Fevronia's love is so great that poles stuck in the ground bloom into trees with her blessing. The crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of sacred incense. In the strength of her love, in the wisdom, as if prompted to her by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than even her ideal husband, Prince Peter.
The meaning of the parable episode of life is “the miraculous revival of stumps” What does this episode symbolize? The literal meaning of this episode is to confirm the miraculous gift of the holy virgin Fevronia, for she does not act according to her own understanding, but according to God's permission. Allegorical - indicates that the exile of Peter and Fevronia will end with the return to Mur and the restoration of the princely title and princely power, as life returns to stumps. Symbolic, absorbing other meanings, indicates that, having lost everything in this life, Peter and Fevronia will gain eternal life, for death for them is the path to immortality. And yet, to the last limit, the miracle remains a mystery.
Peter and Fevronia, having chosen each other once and for all, begged God “to die at the same time. And they bequeathed that they both be put in one tomb, and ordered to make two coffins of stone, having a thin partition between them.
“Unreasonable people”, of course, will not understand this and will try to bury them separately, because shortly before their death, Peter and Fevronia became monks, and therefore took a vow of celibacy. But God judged otherwise. “And again in the morning the saints were in a single tomb,” Yermolai-Erasmus will repeat triumphantly. A great force keeps them in a single field of Love.
Approximately 300 years after their death, Peter and Fevronia were canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as saints, and now their relics rest in the Holy Trinity Convent in Murom.
Many pilgrims visit the Holy Trinity Convent in Murom to venerate the relics of Saints Peter and Fevronia, who, by the will of God, rest in a single coffin.
Test And when the servants wanted to load their property from the shore to the ships, nobles came from the city of Murom and began to say: “Mr. Prince! From all the nobles and from the whole city we came to you, do not leave us orphans and return to your father’s throne. Many nobles died in the city from the sword. Each of them wanted to rule, and they destroyed themselves. And the survivors, together with all the people, pray to you, saying: Mr. Prince, we angered you and annoyed you, because we did not want Princess Fevronia to dominate our wives , now we, with all our houses, are your servants, and we want you, love and pray, do not leave us, your servants! Blessed Prince Peter and blessed Princess Fevronia returned to their city. And they ruled in that city, living according to all the commandments of God without blemish, being in unceasing prayers, and they were merciful to all people under their rule, like a loving father and mother. They loved everyone equally, they did not tolerate pride, nor oppression, and they did not protect the riches of perishable things, but they grew rich from God. They were true shepherds of their city, not hirelings. Ruled the city with their truth and meekness, not rage. Wanderers were received, the hungry were fed, the naked were clothed, the poor were delivered from misfortunes.
A1. What is life? 1) a historical narrative that was conducted over the years 2) an extensive narrative in verse or prose about outstanding national historical events 3) biographies of clergy and secular persons canonized by the Christian church 4) a literary narrative work with a plot less complex than in a novel. A2. What happened after the prince and princess of Murom left Murom? the city began to flourish in the city civil strife began 3) nothing has changed 4) enemies broke into the city.
A3. Explain the meaning of the word "perishable". A4. In the phrases “were merciful”, “blessed prince”, “blessed princess”, “perishable riches”, “true shepherds”, the highlighted words are: 1) metaphors 2) personifications 3) epithets
Tasks that require writing a detailed answer of a limited volume. Doing them, try to formulate a direct answer to the question posed (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences) based on the text. Avoid lengthy introductions and characterizations of B1. What epithet does the author use to characterize Peter and Fevronya? Expand the meaning of this word. B2. How do you understand the meaning of the words: “Ruled the city with their truth and meekness, and not with rage”?