Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary for the successful completion of the final exam in literature. This guideline for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI so that we narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely come in handy at X-hour. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed for a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the analysis skill that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what they have read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that pass at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made the list. Therefore, the stage of preparation devoted to "rereading" will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature was passed quite recently and has not yet had time to forget. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-preparation.

It is worth noting that not the most difficult books were chosen for the exam. For example, Doctor Zhivago, which is not beloved by everyone, is extremely rare in variants, since its study in the codifier of works is called “survey”, that is, there will be no full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov's prose, a student may prefer either The Master and Margarita or The White Guard. It is not necessary to read both novels, it is enough to choose a simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the exam in literature is very useful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

The code	Content elements checked by the tasks of KIM USE
1	Information on the theory and history of literature
1.1	Fiction as the art of the word.
1.2	Folklore. genres of folklore.
1.3	Artistic image. Artistic time and space.
1.4	Content and form. Poetics.
1.5	The author's idea and its implementation. Artistic invention. Fiction.
1.6	Historical and literary process. Lit. directions and currents: classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism (symbolism, acmeism, futurism), postmodernism.
1.7	Literary genera: epic, lyric, liroepos, drama. Literary genres: novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, epistle, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama.
1.8	Author's position. Topic. Idea. Issues. Plot. Composition. Epigraph. Antithesis. Stages of action development: exposition, plot, climax, denouement, epilogue. Lyrical digression. Conflict. Author-narrator. Author image. The character. Interior. Character. Type. Lyric hero. Image system. Portrait. Scenery. Speaking last name. Remark. "Eternal Themes" and "Eternal Images" in Literature. Pathos. Plot. Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue; inner speech. Tale.
1.9	Detail. Symbol. Subtext.
1.10	Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism.
1.11	Tragic and comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque.
1.12	The language of a work of art. Rhetorical question, exclamation. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Figurative and expressive means in a work of art: comparison, epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola. Allegory. Oxymoron. Sound writing: alliteration, assonance.
1.13	Style.
1.14	Prose and poetry. Systems of versification. Poetic sizes: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza. Dolnik. Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre.
1.15	Literary criticism.
2	From ancient Russian literature
2.1	"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
3	From the literature of the XVIII century.
3.1	DI. Fonvizin. The play "Undergrowth".
3.2	G.R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument".
4	From the literature of the first half of the XIX century.
4.1	V.A. Zhukovsky. The poem "Sea".
4.2	V.A. Zhukovsky. Ballad "Svetlana".
4.3	A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit".
4.4	A.S. Pushkin. Poems: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of Siberian ores ...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K ***” ( “I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved: still love, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower of the desert …”, “Imitation of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”.
4.5	A.S. Pushkin. The novel The Captain's Daughter.
4.6	A.S. Pushkin. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
4.7	A.S. Pushkin. The novel "Eugene Onegin".
4.8	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: “No, I am not Byron, I am different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road…".
4.9	M.Yu. Lermontov. The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov."
4.10	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri".
4.11	M.Yu. Lermontov. The novel "A Hero of Our Time".
4.12	N.V. Gogol. The play "Inspector".
4.13	N.V. Gogol. The story "Overcoat".
4.14	N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls"
5	From the literature of the second half of the XIX century.
5.1	A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "Thunderstorm".
5.2	I.S. Turgenev. The novel "Fathers and Sons".
5.3	F.I. Tyutchev. Poems: “Noon”, “There is a melodiousness in the sea waves ...”, “The kite has risen from the clearing ...”, “There is in the initial autumn ...”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature ...”, “Mind Russia cannot be understood…”, “Oh, how deadly we love…”, “We cannot predict…”, “K. B." (“I met you - and all the past ...”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns ... ".
5.4	A.A. Fet. Poems: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".
5.5	I.A. Goncharov. Roman Oblomov.
5.6	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poems: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at five o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changeable fashion speak to us ...”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ".
5.7	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
5.8	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Piskar”.
5.9	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The novel "History of one city" (survey study).
5.10	L.N. Tolstoy. The novel "War and Peace".
5.11	F.M. Dostoevsky. The novel Crime and Punishment.
5.12	N.S. Leskov. One work (at the choice of the examinee).
6	From the literature of the late XIX - early XX century.
6.1	A.P. Chekhov. Stories: "Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady with a Dog", "Death of an Official", "Chameleon".
6.2	A.P. Chekhov. The play "The Cherry Orchard".
7	From the literature of the first half of the 20th century.
7.1	I.A. Bunin. Stories: "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Clean Monday".
7.2	M. Gorky. The story "Old Woman Izergil".
7.3	M. Gorky. The play "At the bottom".
7.4	A.A. Block. Poems: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railroad”, “I enter dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory…” , "Oh, I want to live insanely ...".
7.5	A.A. Block. Poem "Twelve".
7.6	V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervous”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Passed”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”.
7.7	V.V. Mayakovsky. The poem "A Cloud in Pants"
7.8	S.A. Yesenin. Poems: "Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..", "Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...", "We are now leaving a little ...", "A letter to the mother", "The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”.
7.9	M.I. Tsvetaeva. Poems: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time…”, “Books in red binding”, “Grandmother”, “Seven hills - like seven bells!..” (from the cycle “Poems about Moscow”).
7.10	O.E. Mandelstam. Poems: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”.
7.11	A.A. Akhmatova. Poems: “Song of the last meeting”, “Closed hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need odic ratis ...”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”.
7.12	A.A. Akhmatova. Poem "Requiem".
7.13	M.A. Sholokhov. The novel Quiet Don.
7.14	M.A. Sholokhov. The story of the fate of man.
7.15A	M.A. Bulgakov. The novel "White Guard" (optional).
7.15B	M.A. Bulgakov. The novel "Master and Margarita" (optional).
7.16	A.T. Tvardovsky. Poems: “The whole essence is in one single testament…”, “In memory of the mother” (“In the land where they were taken in a herd…”), “I know, no fault of mine…”.
7.17	A.T. Tvardovsky. The poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two Soldiers", "Duel", "Death and the Warrior").
7.18	B.L. Parsnip. Poems: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pine trees”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”.
7.19	B.L. Parsnip. The novel "Doctor Zhivago" (overview study with analysis of fragments).
7.20	A.P. Platonov. One work (at the choice of the examinee).
7.21	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matryona yard".
7.22	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "One day of Ivan Denisovich".
8	From the literature of the second half of the twentieth century.
8.1	Prose of the second half of the XX century. F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratiev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works by at least three authors of your choice).
8.2	Poetry of the second half of the XX century. B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems by at least three authors of your choice).
8.3	Dramaturgy of the second half of the twentieth century. A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin (work of one author by choice).

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many verses, which also facilitates the preparation process. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, their systematic reading guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where it is necessary, by analogy, to select similar works and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write out your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: "Sea", Ballad "Svetlana"
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: "Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of the Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of the prophetic Oleg", "To the sea", "Nanny", "K ***" (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: still love, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower desert …”, “Imitation of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road…". The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at five o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changeable fashion speak to us ...”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".
6. A.A. Block: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railroad”, “I enter dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory…” , "Oh, I want to live insanely ...". Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Seated”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, “Letter to mother”, “Feeding is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time ... ”,“ Books in red binding ”,“ Grandmother ”,“ Seven hills - like seven bells! .. ”(from the cycle“ Poems about Moscow ”)
10. O.E. Mandelstam: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “She squeezed her hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic rati…”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”. Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pine trees”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”.
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!

The minimum program of preparation courses for the Unified State Examination in Literature is designed for 30 lessons.

The topics of the classes correspond to the USE Codifier in Literature.

pay attention to volume what needs to be read and understood. Start preparing early.

1. Requirements for performing USE tests in literature: structure, types of tasks, forms of forms. Manuals and textbooks.

General concepts of the course:
Fiction as the art of the word;
Oral folk art and literature. Genres of oral folk art;
Artistic image. Artistic time and space;
Content and form. Poetics;
The author's idea and its implementation. Artistic invention. Fiction.

Checking students' knowledge (primary test).

2. Basic concepts of the theory of literature.
Literary genera: epic, lyrics, drama;
Literature genres: novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, epistle, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama.
Author's position. Topic. Idea. Issues.
Plot. Composition.
Antithesis.
Stages of action development: exposition, plot, climax, denouement, epilogue.
Lyrical digression.
Conflict.
Author-narrator. Author image. The character. Character. Type. Lyric hero. Image system.
Portrait. Scenery. Speaking last name. Remark.
"Eternal Themes" and "Eternal Images" in Literature.
Pathos. Plot.
Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue; inner speech.
Tale.

3. Basic concepts of the theory of literature.
Detail. Symbol. Subtext.
Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism.
Tragic and comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque.
The language of a work of art. Rhetorical question. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Figurative and expressive means in a work of art: comparison, epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola. Allegory.
Sound writing: alliteration, assonance.
Historical and literary process. Literary trends and currents (general information).
Activation of knowledge of texts.

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign" is a monument of ancient Russian literature. Features of the genre, themes and problems.

4. Classicism in Russian literature of the 18th century.
The ideas of classicism in the work of Lomonosov, Derzhavin and Fonvizin. The concept of "enlightenment literature".

Prose and poetry. Rhyme. Systems of versification.
Poetic sizes: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza.
Poem by G. R. Derzhavin "Monument". Principles of analysis of the poem.

5. Russian drama of the era of classicism.
Comedy D. I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth".
Principles of analysis of epic/dramatic text fragments.

6. Literary trends and methods in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century.
A. S. Griboyedov's play "Woe from Wit".
Features of classicism, romanticism and realism in the play.
Relationship between composition and story. Deepening the concepts of "hero", "protagonist", "character system".

7. Analysis of fragments of the text of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit".
The concept of literary criticism.
Goncharov's article "A million torments". Tasks C1-C2.

8. Control work No. 1.
Basic concepts of the theory of literature.
Old Russian literature.
Classical Literature.

9. Romanticism.
Lyrics by V. A. Zhukovsky.
Elegy "Sea", ballad "Svetlana".
Means of artistic expression.
Images and figurative thinking as the basis of literary creativity.
Romanticism and realism.
Poems by A. S. Pushkin. “Village”, “Prisoner”, “To Chaadaev”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “The day light went out...”, “Poet”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”.

10. Poems by A. S. Pushkin:
“Nanny”, “I remember a wonderful moment ...”, “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: love is still, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “Freedom sower of the desert ...”, “ Imitations of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”), “Elegy” (“The merriment of mad years faded away…”), “..I visited again…”.
Poem "The Bronze Horseman".

11. Artistic features of the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
The author and his characters.
Extra-plot elements in the novel "Eugene Onegin": characters' letters, Tatyana's dream, lyrical digressions.
Belinsky article.

12. The story of A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".
Generalization of the concept of "epic genres".
Poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov. "Song ... about the merchant Kalashnikov."

13. Poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov.
Poems “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing field is agitated ...”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with gold trim ...”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life ...”), “And boring and sad”, “No, not I love you so passionately…”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan…”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd…”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone I'm on the road..." Poem "Mtsyri".

14. Compositional features of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".
The system of images in the novel.
The concept of "psychologism".
Role of portrait and landscape.

15. N. V. Gogol.
The poem "Dead Souls" - features of the genre and composition.
Hero problem. The epic beginning and the system of images in Gogol's poem.

16. N. V. Gogol.
Comedy "Inspector". The story "Overcoat".

17. Test work No. 2.
Literature of the 1st half of the 19th century.

18. A. N. Ostrovsky.
Drama Storm. Features of the genre of drama.
Dobrolyubov's article "A ray of light in a dark kingdom".
Pisarev's article "Motives of Russian drama".

19. Lyrics by A. A. Fet:
“Dawn says goodbye to the earth...”, “To drive away the living boat with one push...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".

Lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev:
“Noon”, “There is a melodiousness in the sea waves ...”, “A kite has risen from a clearing ...”, “There is in the initial autumn ...”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature ...”, “Mind Russia cannot be understood…”, “Oh, how deadly we love…”, “We cannot predict…”, “K. B. “ (“I met you - and all the past ...”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns ... ".

20. Poems by N. A. Nekrasov:
“Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at six o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen "," Elegy "(" Let the changeable fashion tell us ... ")," O Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ".
Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
Features of the artistic text: the author's intention, the composition of the work, figurative and expressive means.

21. Genre varieties of the Russian novel:
Novel-dispute by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
"Calendar" novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov".

22. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Piskar”. "History of one city" (survey study).

N. S. Leskov.
"Lefty". "Non-lethal Golovan".

23. F. M. Dostoevsky
"Crime and Punishment".
Themes and problems of the novel. Psychologism of Dostoevsky.
Christian symbolism in the novel.
The system of artistic images of the novel: the "twins" of the hero, the role of "dreams".

24. L. N. Tolstoy
"War and Peace". Epic novel.
The author's intention, theme and idea, problems, compositional structure, system of artistic images of the novel. Philosophical and religious ideas of Tolstoy. Author's position.25. Examination No. 3. Literature of the 2nd half of the 19th century.

26. The concept of "modernism".
I. A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Clean Monday".
A. P. Chekhov. Stories: "Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady with a Dog", "Death of an Official", "Chameleon".
A. M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil".

27. A. P. Chekhov's comedy "The Cherry Orchard" and A. M. Gorky's drama "At the Bottom".
The Silver Age of Russian Literature.
Activation of knowledge about literary sizes. Dolnik. Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre.

28. The main poetic currents of the Silver Age.

A. A. Blok.
Poems: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railway”, “I enter the dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about feats, about glory ...”, “Oh, I want to live insanely ...”. Poem "Twelve".

O. E. Mandelstam.
Poems: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”.

A. A. Akhmatova.
Poems: “Song of the last meeting”, “Closed hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need odic ratis ...”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the earth… ”, “Poems about Petersburg”, “Courage”. Poem "Requiem".

V. V. Mayakovsky.
Poems: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervous”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Passed”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. The poem "A Cloud in Pants"

B. L. Pasternak.
Poems: February. Get ink and cry!. “, “Definition of poetry”, “In everything I want to reach ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night”, “No one will be in the house ...”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “Loving others - a heavy cross ... "," Pines "," Hoarfrost "," July ".

S. A. Yesenin.
Poems: “Goy you, Russia, my dear!. “, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, “A letter from the mother”, “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap ... "," A low house with blue shutters ... ".

M. I. Tsvetaeva.
Poems: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time…”, “Books in red binding”, “Grandmother”, “Seven hills - like seven bells!..” (from the cycle “Poems about Moscow”).

29. Prose of the XX century.

M. A. Sholokhov. The novel Quiet Don. The epic story "The fate of man."

M. A. Bulgakov. The novels The White Guard and The Master and Margarita.

B. L. Pasternak. The novel Doctor Zhivago.

A.P. Platonov. Yushka's story.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matryona yard". The story "One day of Ivan Denisovich".

30. The theme of war in A. T. Tvardovsky.
Poems: "The whole point is in one single covenant ...", "In memory of the mother", "I know, no fault of mine ...". The poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two Soldiers", "Duel", "Death and the Warrior").

Literature review of the second half of the twentieth century (brief information).

Prose of the second half of the XX century (overview).
F. A. Abramov, Ch. T. Aitmatov, V. P. Astafiev, V. I. Belov, A. G. Bitov, V. V. Bykov, V. S. Grossman, S. D. Dovlatov, V. L. Kondratiev, V. P. Nekrasov, E. I. Nosov, V. G. Rasputin, V. F. Tendryakov, Yu. V. Trifonov, V. M. Shukshin.

Poetry of the second half of the XX century (overview).
B. A. Akhmadulina, I. A. Brodsky, A. A. Voznesensky, V. S. Vysotsky, E. A. Evtushenko, N. A. Zabolotsky, Yu. P. Kuznetsov, L. N. Martynov, B. Sh. Okudzhava, N. M. Rubtsov, D. S. Samoilov, B. A. Slutsky, V. N. Sokolov, V. A. Soloukhin, A. A. Tarkovsky.

Dramaturgy of the second half of the twentieth century (review).
A. N. Arbuzov, A. V. Vampilov, A. M. Volodin, V. S. Rozov, M. M. Roshchin.

31. Test work No. 4. Literature of the XX century.

32. Final lesson: questions and answers, clarification of misunderstood, final testing.

31.12.2020 - On the site's forum, work on writing essays 9.3 on the collection of tests for the OGE 2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko, has ended.

10.11.2019 - On the site's forum, work on writing essays on the collection of tests for the Unified State Examination in 2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko, has ended.

20.10.2019 - On the site's forum, work has begun on writing essays 9.3 on the collection of tests for the OGE 2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko.

20.10.2019 - On the site's forum, work has begun on writing essays on the collection of tests for the USE in 2020, edited by I.P. Tsybulko.

20.10.2019 - Friends, many of the materials on our website are borrowed from the books of the Samara methodologist Svetlana Yurievna Ivanova. Starting this year, all her books can be ordered and received by mail. She sends collections to all parts of the country. All you have to do is call 89198030991.

29.09.2019 - For all the years of operation of our site, the most popular material from the Forum, dedicated to the essays based on the collection of I.P. Tsybulko in 2019, has become the most popular. More than 183 thousand people watched it. Link >>

22.09.2019 - Friends, please note that the texts of the presentations at the OGE 2020 will remain the same

15.09.2019 - A master class on preparing for the Final Essay in the direction of "Pride and Humility" has started working on the forum site

10.03.2019 - On the site's forum, work on writing essays on the collection of tests for the Unified State Examination by I.P. Tsybulko has been completed.

07.01.2019 - Dear visitors! In the VIP section of the site, we have opened a new subsection that will be of interest to those of you who are in a hurry to check (add, clean up) your essay. We will try to check quickly (within 3-4 hours).

16.09.2017 - A collection of short stories by I. Kuramshina "Filial Duty", which also includes the stories presented on the bookshelf of the Unified State Examination Traps website, can be purchased both in electronic and paper form at the link \u003e\u003e

09.05.2017 - Today Russia celebrates the 72nd anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War! Personally, we have one more reason to be proud: it was on Victory Day, 5 years ago, that our website was launched! And this is our first anniversary!

16.04.2017 - In the VIP section of the site, an experienced expert will check and correct your work: 1. All types of essays on the exam in literature. 2. Essays on the exam in the Russian language. P.S. The most profitable subscription for a month!

16.04.2017 - On the site, the work on writing a new block of essays on the texts of the OBZ has ENDED.

25.02 2017 - The site began work on writing essays on the texts of OB Z. Essays on the topic “What is good?” you can already watch.

28.01.2017 - Ready-made condensed statements on the texts of the FIPI OBZ appeared on the site,

The exam in literature in 2018 is an elective subject. Not every graduate chooses this exam - basically, only those guys who in the future want to connect their lives with philology, linguistics, journalism and other humanities where knowledge of literature is required. The complexity of this exam is due to the fact that the student needs to read a large number of works of Russian literature, both lyrical (poetic) and prose.

By no means all the guys have time to master such a volume of information in a year, since a meaningful reading of large novels takes an extremely long time. Therefore, in order to successfully pass the exam in literature in the 11th grade, it is necessary to start preparing in a timely manner - preferably not in a year, but at least from the 10th grade, while regularly referring to the theoretical base and returning to previously read works.

It is for this reason that it is more expedient to sign up for our specialists. In our training center "Godograph" we practice individual and collective classes for 3-4 people, we provide discounts for training. Our students average 30 points more!

You can also sign up for. We have developed a preparation strategy in which students do not forget the material at the USE itself and do not get lost at the sight of a new wording of the question.

Let's take a closer look at what the USE in literature is in 2018.

The structure of the exam in literature

The examination paper in literature consists of two parts and includes 17 tasks. Part 1 includes two blocks of tasks. The first block of tasks refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyrical epic, or dramatic work: seven tasks with a short answer (1–7) and two tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences (8, 9).

The second block of tasks relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: five tasks with a short answer (10–14) and two tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences (15, 16). Answers to tasks 1-7 and 10-14 are written either in the form of a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. The answer must be written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Part 2 includes 3 tasks (17.1–17.3), of which you need to choose only one and give a detailed reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on a literary topic with a volume of at least 200 words.

3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are given to complete the entire work. It is recommended to allocate no more than 2 hours to complete the tasks of part 1, and the rest of the time to complete the task of part 2.

Demonstration version of the exam in literature

The demo version allows you to get acquainted with the structure of the exam and the approximate wording of tasks. In addition, the demo version provides assessment criteria - without them it is difficult to understand how to write essays in both parts of the exam paper. You can also look at different options in the preparation collections, various manuals, as well as on the websites of the FIPI, “I will solve the exam”.

Topics in Literature USE 2018

A list of topics on the history and theory of literature, as well as a list of works whose knowledge will be tested during the exam, are presented in the USE codifier in literature 2018, which is published on the FIPI website. It includes the main works of Russian literature from the school curriculum, starting with Old Russian literature and ending with the literature of the second half of the 20th century. Please note that the Unified State Examination in Literature includes only RUSSIAN literature, and not foreign literature. And when completing tasks for comparing works, you also need to take examples from RUSSIAN literature.

Many people ask themselves the question: is it possible to know in advance the exact wording of the topics of the essays that will be in the examination paper? Unfortunately, no, this information is not disclosed, and students receive essay topics only on the day of the exam. It remains only to look and solve typical options and tasks of past years in order to get an idea of ​​​​the possible topics.

Possible USE topics in literature 2018 task 8

* Which of the heroes wins this "duel"? (Justify your answer.)

* How do the statements and behavior of the characters in this fragment help to understand the essence of their characters?

* Why can the scene described in the fragment be called tragicomic?

* What features of Nekrasov's women were embodied in the image of the heroine-narrator?

Sample USE topics in literature 2018 task 9

* In what works of Russian writers are the life and customs of the townsfolk depicted, and in what ways are these works consonant with Chekhov's Ionych?

* In what works of Russian literature is the relationship between the powerful and the subordinate shown, and in what way can these works be compared with the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"?

* In what works of Russian literature are pictures of peasant life depicted, and in what ways can these works be compared with Oblomov?

* In what works of Russian literature are vivid female characters depicted and in what way can they be compared with the character of the Nekrasov heroine?

USE topics in literature task 15

* How do various poetic devices help the author convey the feelings that engulfed the lyrical hero?

* How do the words “inspiration is not for sale, but you can sell a manuscript” correlate with the general content of the conversation between the poet and the bookseller?

* What role does the image of rain play in revealing the main idea of ​​the poem?

* How do the final lines meaningfully relate to the main part of the poem?

Sample USE topics in literature 2018 task 16

* What is the peculiarity of the image of human feelings in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev and what Russian poets can be called his followers?

* What are the features of the poetic solution of the theme of love by Fet and in what poems of Russian poets are the same features found?

* In what works of domestic love poetry are there pictures of nature and in what way can these works be compared with the poem by A. A. Tarkovsky?

Possible USE topics in literature 2018 task 17

* What internally unites the "fathers of the city" and the landlords in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"?

* How do the theme of love and the theme of conscience echo in A. N. Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm"?

* How is the finale of A. A. Blok's poem "The Twelve" connected with its main content?

* What is the originality of the sound of the patriotic theme in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov?

* What is the role of the epilogue in F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"?

* How does the prose of I. A. Bunin reveal the theme of the earthly and the eternal?

USE tests in literature

In typical USE assignments in literature, i.e. Short answer tasks may require the student to:

* indicate the literary trend / direction in which the given work was written (classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism, symbolism, acmeism, futurism, postmodernism), or its genre (novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, message, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama);

* demonstrate mastery of theoretical and literary concepts and terms;

* demonstrate knowledge of artistic means and techniques (rhetorical question, exclamation, aphorism, inversion, repetition, anaphora, comparison, epithet, metaphor, personification, metonymy, hyperbole, allegory, oxymoron, sound writing: alliteration, assonance);

* apply knowledge of the system of syllabo-tonic versification (trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest);

* demonstrate possession of facts from the history of literature;

* show knowledge of the content of the work, its characters and their characteristics, the main storyline, as well as other works of literature within the framework of this creative method.

This is not an exhaustive list of sample tasks, but you can and should be guided by it.

So, having familiarized yourself with the structure of the exam in literature, you can safely decide whether or not to pass the exam in literature in 2018. The most important advice: read more, write essays, practice and you will be able to solve the exam in literature 2018 without difficulty!

The methodology for passing the exam changes every year. Specialists invent new ways to determine the level of knowledge of students, develop a list of questions, updating their topics, change the number of compulsory subjects. This state of affairs is extremely alarming and frightening for future graduates, because they also need to know what to prepare for and what to expect from the exam that is important for their lives.

In our article, we will describe the main stages of passing Unified State Examination in Literature 2017 year, as well as announce possible changes that will affect this exam.

the date of the

There is not much time left before the main school exams. The time is not far off when “we only dream of peace”, and mountains of textbooks on various subjects gather on the desk. Of course, preparing for the exam takes a lot of free time, effort and nerves. The preliminary schedule for future exams has already been drawn up and it looks like this:

• Early stage — March 24, 2017. The reserve day of the early stage is April 3, 2017.
• The main stage is June 13, 2017, and the reserve day is fixed for June 20, 2017.

Compulsory subjects submitted to the Unified State Examination 2017

This is the most burning topic, rapidly moving from one student to another. Many schoolchildren are worried that the list of compulsory subjects will expand significantly and they will have to vegetate even more time for textbooks, instead of a well-deserved rest after school.

To date, there is no final list of new compulsory subjects, because officials had several disciplines under consideration: from history to physics.

• - Required for admission to any university in the country.
• Mathematics - the exam is divided into two levels (basic and specialized).

USE in literature: possible changes

Closer to 2018, the literature exam should be radically revised and some of its points will be radically changed. In particular, the experts intend to completely remove tasks with short answers, leaving only small essays and one full-fledged one.

However, it is still too early to sound the alarm and be terribly afraid of the end of the year - the Unified State Examination in Literature in 2017 will come according to the usual pattern for everyone:

• 1 block - Smyslovy. Here, students are presented with a short excerpt from an epic or dramatic work with 7 questions on its content (short). In addition, the graduate must write a couple of mini-essays on a given topic.
• Block 2 - A lyrical work with several questions to it, as well as two mini-compositions.
• Block 3 - A detailed essay on any of the three given topics.

However, small changes will still occur. They will concern the construction of questions - they will focus on knowledge of the realities of the text, and not on knowledge of the basic literary terms. It follows from this that it is not enough to have a narrow knowledge of literature in order to pass the exam.

I would also like to focus on another feature of the exam in literature - on poems. As a rule, students hope that in the forms they will find a poetic work of a certain author from the school curriculum.

However, based on the rules of KIMS, if the poet was included in the codifier, then any of his works can be submitted for analysis at the exam. This is a fairly correct approach, because during the final test, the graduate must show in a mini-essay how correctly he can analyze, without referring to the pages of textbooks.

Already in 2016, “non-school” poems could be found in many versions of KIMs, so in 2017 this move will definitely be repeated.

Final essay

For a good assessment in this block, it is not enough just to take and state your thoughts on paper. It is necessary to carefully consider each proposal, correctly format and express your opinion in a clear and simple way. Spelling and punctuation errors attract the attention of reviewers, so they should be avoided.

In addition, each student should try to fully reveal the given topic, using not only their own life examples, but also arguments from the field of literature. The structure of the text should look like this: introduction, some arguments and examples, conclusion.

In order for the final essay to be of high quality, the list of works that are submitted to the Unified State Examination in Literature is already available to the graduate. After reading them, as well as getting acquainted with additional information about the author, the history of writing, key points and other details, you are sure to write a worthy work that deserves the highest rating.

Evaluation scale

In 2017, to pass the threshold for this exam, you need to score only 36 points. It is not so difficult to earn them - it is enough to solve 9 tasks (from 1 to 7, 10 and 11). In accordance with the five-point scale, the primary / test scores are as follows:

Preparation for the exam in literature

Any graduate would dream of seeing the coveted "Five" in the certificate, but not everyone is given the opportunity to pass exams for high marks. Only those who do not spare their own time and effort, spend them on preparation, endlessly leafing through auxiliary literature, have every chance of getting "Excellent". Preparation for the exam can be done in various ways:

• Pass the demo version of the exam over and over again.
• Familiarize yourself with questions using tests that are similar to those that will be submitted to the exam.
• Contact tutors.

Whichever of the proposed options you choose, you must remember that without a certain amount of knowledge, none of them will work. Read more, analyze, try to compose essays, and then you are guaranteed to pass the exam successfully.

Videos news