Topics of the final essay 2017 - 2018

"Courage and cowardice". This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations.
On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

The problem of courage worries every person. For some, courage is a vital necessity; without this character trait, a person will not be able to work where he wants. For some, it's an opportunity to show off. But we all equally need to not get lost in the face of difficulties, which are so many in the modern world. A mother should have remarkable courage, letting her child go to school alone for the first time, thereby accustoming him to independence. There can be no talk of any cowardice when an alarm was sounded in the fire department and the team needed to advance to cope with the elements. Courage, self-discipline are also necessary for our reader, who prepares himself or prepares children for such close examinations.

In the literature, the theme of willpower, spirit, is covered especially widely. In some works, someone's life depends on courage. Basically, the authors endow positive heroes with courage, and negative ones with cowardice, which hints at what is considered bad and what is good. But cowardice is not an indicator of what kind of person he is. The authors, endowing negative characters with such a feature, only emphasize their meanness, meanness of soul, unwillingness to be better. We are all afraid, just not each of us can overcome this fear in ourselves.

Friends! This is an approximate list of topics for the final essay of 2017. Read it carefully and try to find an argument and a thesis for each topic. Here the direction "Courage and cowardice" is revealed from all possible sides. You will probably come across other quotes in your essay, but they will still carry the same meaning. And if you work with this list, you will not have any difficulty in writing the final essay.

1. In battle, those are most exposed to danger who are most obsessed with fear; courage is like a wall. (Sallust)
2. Courage replaces the fortress walls. (Sallust)
3. To be courageous means to regard as distant everything terrible and near everything that inspires courage. (Aristotle)
4. Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative. (F. Bacon)
5. Some show courage without having it, but there is no person who would demonstrate wit if he were not witty by nature. (J. Halifax)
6. True courage rarely comes without stupidity. (F. Bacon)
7. Ignorance makes people bold, and thinking makes them indecisive. (Thucydides)
8. Knowing in advance what you want to do gives you courage and ease. (D. Diderot)
9. Courage is not in vain considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the key to other positive qualities. (W. Churchill)
10. Courage is resistance to fear, not the absence of it. (M. Twain)
11. Happy is he who boldly takes under his protection what he loves. (Ovid)
12. Creativity takes courage. (A. Matisse)
13. It takes a lot of courage to bring bad news to people. (R. Branson)
14. The success of science is a matter of time and courage of the mind. (Voltaire)
15. It takes a lot of courage to use your own mind. (E. Burke)
16. Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to an indecisive one. (O. Balzac)
17. Courage is the beginning of victory. (Plutarch)
18. Courage, bordering on recklessness, contains more madness than resilience. (M. Cervantes)
19. When you are afraid, act boldly, and you will avoid the worst troubles. (G. Sachs)
20. To be utterly devoid of courage, one must be utterly devoid of desire. (Helvetius K.)
21. It is easier to find such people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain. (J. Caesar)
22. Who is courageous, he is brave. (Cicero)
23. Courage should not be confused with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result. (J.J. Rousseau)
24. Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity. (B. Johnson)
25. Courage based on prudence is not called recklessness, and the exploits of the reckless should rather be attributed to mere luck than to his courage. (M. Cervantes)
26. The difference between the brave and the coward is that the former, conscious of the danger, does not feel fear, while the latter feels fear, unaware of the danger. (V. O. Klyuchevsky)
27. Cowardice is knowing what to do and not doing it. (Confucius)
28. Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak. (F. Cooper)
29. A fearful dog barks more than bites. (Curtius)
30. When fleeing, more soldiers always die than in battle. (S. Lagerlöf)
31. Fear is a bad teacher. (Pliny the Younger)
32. Fear arises as a result of impotence of the spirit. (B. Spinoza)
33. Frightened - half defeated. (A.V. Suvorov)
34. Cowards speak most of all about courage, and scoundrels talk about nobility. (A.N. Tolstoy)
35. Cowardice is inertia that prevents us from asserting our freedom and independence in relations with others. (I. Fichte)
36. Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once. (W. Shakespeare)
37. To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead. (Bertrand Russell)
38. Love doesn't mix well with fear. (N. Machiavelli)
39. You can't love someone you're afraid of, or someone who's afraid of you. (Cicero)
40. Courage is like love: it needs to feed on hope. (N. Bonaparte)
41. Perfect love casts out fear, because there is torment in fear; He who fears is not perfect in love. (Apostle John)
    
42. Man fears only that which he does not know; knowledge conquers all fear. (V. G. Belinsky)
43. A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he should be feared more than anything. (L. Berne)
44. There is nothing worse than fear itself. (F. Bacon)
45. Cowardice can never be moral. (M. Gandhi) A coward sends threats only when he is sure of safety. (I. Goethe)
46. You can never live happily when you are trembling with fear all the time. (P. Holbach)
47. Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions. (R. Descartes)
48. We consider a coward who allows his friend to be insulted in his presence. (D. Diderot)
49. Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty. (G. Ibsen)
50. Who fearfully cares about how not to lose life will never rejoice in it. (I. Kant)
51. With courage everything can be done, but not everything can be done. (N. Bonaparte)
52. It takes great courage to stand up to enemies, but much more to go against friends. (J. Rowling, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone")
    

Courage and cowardice.

Concept definitions:

Courage is a positive moral and volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger.

Cowardice is one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. Cowardice can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, cowardice is not only an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon.

Synonyms for courage:

Courage, determination, courage, heroism, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness, fearlessness, determination, desperation, valor.

Synonyms for cowardice:

Fearfulness, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; timidity, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice.

Sample list of topics for the final essay

• What does it mean to be brave?
• Why does a person need courage?
• What does cowardice lead to?
• What actions does cowardice push a person to?
• Can it be argued that courage is the engine of progress?
• In what situations in life is courage best manifested?
• Do you need courage in love?
• Does it take courage to admit your mistakes?
• Courage is the beginning of victory
• Do you agree with the statement of O. de Balzac: “Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to the indecisive”?
• How do you understand the expression “fear has big eyes”?
• How do you understand the words of Confucius: “Cowardice is knowing what to do and not doing it”?
• How do you understand the saying: “A fearful dog barks more than bites”?
• Is the saying "courage is half the battle" true?
• What actions can be called courageous?
• What is the difference between arrogance and courage?
• Who can be called a coward?
• Can you cultivate courage?
• How do you understand the saying of M. Twain: “Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence”
• Do you agree with the statement of L. Berne: “A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he should be feared most of all”?
• What are the causes of fear?
• Can a person with high moral principles be a coward?
• Cowardice is a sentence?
• Do you agree with the statement of B. Russell: “To be afraid of love means to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life means to be two-thirds dead”?
• Can you love someone you're afraid of?
• Can a brave person be afraid of anything?
• Can it be argued that a person is afraid only of what he does not know?
• Do you agree with the statement of D. Diderot: “We consider a coward who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence. D. Diderot
• How do you understand F. Cooper's expression: "Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak"?
• What is the difference between true courage and false courage?
• Is courage always expressed in actions?
• How do you understand the expression: “The work of the master is afraid”?
• Is it embarrassing to be afraid?
• How do extreme conditions affect courage?
• How do you understand the saying of W. Shakespeare: “Cowards die many times before death, the brave
  only die once?
• Is it possible to argue that courage and cowardice are two sides of the same coin?
• Why is it important to be bold in life?
• Do you agree with the statement of Zh.Zh. Rousseau: "Do not confuse courage with impudence and rudeness: no
  nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result”?
• Do you agree with G.S. Crispa: “In battle, those are most exposed to danger who are most obsessed with fear; courage is like a wall”?
• What does it mean to be brave in everyday life?
• What's the difference between courage and risk-taking?
• What is the difference between fear and cowardice?
• Do you agree with Voltaire's statement: "The success of science is a matter of time and courage of the mind"?
• How is willpower related to courage?
• Does it take courage to say "no"?
• Why is it important to have the courage to stand up for your ideals?
• Why is it important to have courage when making decisions?
• Does it take courage to embrace something new?
• How do you understand the saying of Helvetius: “To be completely devoid of courage, you need to be
  completely devoid of desires"?
• Can cowardice hinder the development of personality?
• Do you agree with W. Churchill's statement: "Courage is not in vain considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the key to other positive qualities"?
• How does courage affect the formation of personality?
• Confirm or refute the statement of Thucydides: "Ignorance makes people bold, but reflection makes them indecisive."
• How does cowardice affect the formation of personality?
• What is the difference between a coward and a daredevil?
• Do you agree with P. Holbach: “You can never live happily when you tremble with fear all the time”?
• Why are people afraid to express their opinion?
• How is courage shown in war?
• Do you agree with G.Yu. Caesar: “It is easier to find people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain”?
• What qualities does a person show in a war?
• Do you agree with G. Ibsen's statement: "Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty"?
• Why does creativity require courage?
• Why do people show cowardice in war?
• How do you understand F. Bacon's statement: "Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative"?
• Do you agree with the statement of S. Lagerlöf: “More soldiers always die in flight than in battle”?
• How is hypocrisy related to cowardice?
• Do you need courage in love?
• Can a coward be happy?
• Do you agree with the words of Plutarch: "Courage is the beginning of victory"?

The composition in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality - from determination and courage, the manifestation of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal.

Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature.

Consider the main examples in the works:

• Captain's daughter
• Eugene Onegin
• Quiet Don
• Master and Margarita
• white guard
• Old Isergil
• Scarecrow
• And many, many other works

"Courage and cowardice" - arguments for the final essay

The composition in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality - from determination and courage, the manifestation of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal. Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" As an example, we can take a comparison of Grinev and Shvabrin: the first is ready to die in the battle for the fortress, directly expresses his position to Pugachev, risking his life, under pain of death remained faithful to the oath, the second was afraid for his life and went over to the side of the enemy. The daughter of Captain Mironov turns out to be truly courageous. The "coward" Masha, who shuddered from the shots at the exercises in the fortress, shows remarkable courage and firmness, opposes the claims of Shvabrin, being in his full power in the fortress occupied by the Pugachevites. The title character of the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" essentially turned out to be a coward - he completely subordinated his life to the opinion of society, which he himself despised. Realizing that he is to blame for the overdue duel and can prevent it, he does not do this, as he is afraid of the opinion of the world and gossip about himself. To avoid accusations of cowardice, he kills his friend. A vivid example of true courage is the main character of the novel M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don" Grigory Melekhov. The First World War picked up Gregory and spun in a whirlwind of turbulent historical events. Grigory, like a true Cossack, gives himself over to the battle. He is determined and bold. Easily captures three Germans, deftly beats off a battery from the enemy, saves an officer. Evidence of his courage - St. George's crosses and medals, an officer's rank. Gregory shows courage not only in battle. He is not afraid to radically change his life, to go against the will of his father for the sake of his beloved woman. Gregory does not tolerate injustice and always speaks openly about it. He is ready to drastically change his fate, but not to change himself. Grigory Melekhov showed extraordinary courage in the search for the truth. But for him, she is not just an idea, some idealized symbol of a better human existence.

He is looking for its embodiment in life. Coming into contact with many small particles of truth and ready to accept each, he often discovers their failure when faced with life, but the hero does not stop in search of truth and justice and goes to the end, making his choice at the end of the novel. Not afraid to completely change his life and the young monk, the hero of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". The dream of a free life completely captured Mtsyri, a fighter by nature, forced by circumstances to live in a gloomy monastery hated by him. He, who has not lived a day in freedom, independently decides on a brave act - an escape from the monastery in the hope of returning to his homeland. Only in the wild, in those days that Mtsyri spent outside the monastery, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love of freedom, thirst for life and struggle, perseverance in achieving the goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and power. Mtsyri shows courage, the will to win in the fight against the leopard. In his story about how he descended from the rocks to the stream, contempt for danger sounds: But free youth is strong, And death seemed not terrible. Mtsyri failed to achieve his goal - to find his homeland, his people. “The prison has left its mark on me”, - this is how he explains the reason for his failure. Mtsyri fell victim to circumstances that turned out to be stronger than him (a stable motive of fate in the works of Lermontov). But he dies adamant, his spirit is not broken. Great courage is required in order to preserve oneself, one's personality under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, not to abandon one's ideals and ideas, including in creativity, not to submit to the conjuncture. The question of courage and cowardice is one of the central ones in the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" The words of the hero of the novel, Ga-Notsri, affirm the idea that one of the main human vices is cowardice. This idea continues throughout the novel. The all-seeing Woland, opening the “curtain” of time for us, shows that the course of history does not change human nature: Judas, Aloysia (traitors, scammers) exist at all times. But betrayal is also most likely based on cowardice - a vice that has always existed, a vice that underlies many serious sins.

Aren't traitors cowards? Aren't flatterers cowards? And if a person is lying, he is also afraid of something. Back in the 18th century, the French philosopher K. Helvetius argued that "after courage, there is nothing more beautiful than a confession of cowardice." In his novel, Bulgakov claims that man is responsible for the improvement of the world in which he lives. The position of non-participation is not acceptable. Can the Master be called a hero? Most likely no. The master failed to remain a fighter to the end. The Master is not a hero, he is only a servant of the truth. The Master cannot be a hero, because he got cold feet - he refused his book. He is broken by the hardships that have befallen him, but he has broken himself. Then, when he fled from reality to Stravinsky's clinic, when he assured himself that "there is no need to make big plans," he doomed himself to inactivity of the spirit. He is not a creator, he is only a Master, that is why he is granted only “peace”. Yeshua is a wandering young philosopher who came to Yershalaim to preach his doctrine. He is a physically weak person, but at the same time he is a spiritually strong person, he is a man of thought. The hero does not give up his views under any circumstances. Yeshua believes that a person can be changed for the better with kindness. It is very difficult to be kind, so it is easy to replace goodness with all sorts of surrogates, which often happens. But if a person does not get scared, does not give up his views, then such goodness is omnipotent. The “tramp,” the “weak man,” managed to turn the life of Pontius Pilate, the “almighty ruler.” Pontius Pilate - the representative of the power of imperial Rome in Judea. The rich life experience of this man helps him to understand Ha-Nozri. Pontius Pilate does not want to ruin the life of Yeshua, he tries to persuade him to a compromise, and when this fails, he wants to persuade the high priest Kaifa to pardon Ha-Nozri on the occasion of the Easter holiday. Pontius Pilate feels both pity for Yeshua, and compassion, and fear. It is fear that ultimately determines his choice. This fear is born of dependence on the state, the need to follow its interests. Pontius Pilate for M. Bulgakov is not just a coward, an apostate, but he is also a victim. By departing from Yeshua, he destroys both himself and his soul. Even after physical death, he is doomed to mental suffering, from which only Yeshua can save him. Margarita, in the name of her love and faith in the talent of her lover, overcomes fear and her own weakness, even overcomes circumstances.

Yes, Margarita is not an ideal person: becoming a witch, she destroys the house of writers, participates in Satan's ball with the greatest sinners of all times and peoples. But she didn't flinch. Margarita fights to the end for her love. It is not for nothing that Bulgakov calls for love and mercy to be the basis of human relations. In the novel "The Master and Margarita", according to A.Z. Vulis, there is a philosophy of retribution: what you deserve, you get. The biggest vice - cowardice - will surely entail retribution: torment of the soul and conscience. Back in The White Guard, M. Bulgakov warned: "Never run away at a rat's pace into the unknown from danger." To take responsibility for the fate of other people, perhaps weaker ones, is also a great courage. Such is Danko - the hero of the legend from the story of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil". Proud, "the best of all" man, Danko died for the people. The legend told by the old woman Izergil is based on an ancient legend about a man who saved people and showed them the way out of the impenetrable forest. Danko had a strong-willed character: the hero did not want a slave life for his tribe, and at the same time he understood that people would not be able to live in the depths of the forest for a long time without their usual space and light. Mental fortitude, inner wealth, true perfection in biblical tales were embodied in outwardly beautiful people. This is how the ancient idea of ​​a person about spiritual and physical beauty was expressed: “Danko is one of those people, a young handsome man. The beautiful are always bold. Danko believes in his own strength, so he does not want to spend it "on thought and longing." The hero seeks to lead people out of the darkness of the forest to freedom, where there is a lot of warmth and light. Having a strong-willed character, he takes on the role of a leader, and people "all together followed him - they believed in him." The hero was not afraid of difficulties during the difficult journey, but he did not take into account the weakness of the people, who soon "began to grumble", because they did not have Danko's stamina and did not have a strong will. The culminating episode of the story was the scene of the trial of Danko, when people, tired of the weight of the path, hungry and angry, began to blame their leader for everything: “You are an insignificant and harmful person for us! You led us and tired us, and for this you will perish! Unable to endure the difficulties, people began to shift the responsibility from themselves to Danko, wanting to find the culprit for their misfortunes. The hero, selflessly loving people, realizing that without him everyone would die, “tore his chest with his hands and tore out his heart from it and raised it high above his head.” Illuminating the dark path from the impenetrable forest with his

heart, Danko led people out of the darkness to where "the sun shone, the steppe sighed, the grass shone in the diamonds of the rain and the river sparkled with gold." Danko looked at the picture that opened before him and died. The author calls his hero a proud daredevil who died for the people. The final episode makes the reader think about the moral side of the hero's act: was Danko's death in vain, are people worthy of such a sacrifice. What is important is the image of a “cautious” person who appeared in the epilogue of the story, who was frightened of something and stepped “on a proud heart with his foot”. The writer characterizes Danko as the best of people. Indeed, the main character traits of the hero are mental stamina, willpower, selflessness, the desire to wholeheartedly serve people, courage. He sacrificed his life not only for the sake of those whom he brought out of the forest, but also for himself: he could not do otherwise, the hero needed to help people. The feeling of love filled Danko's heart, was an integral part of his nature, so M. Gorky calls the hero "the best of all." Researchers note the connection of the image of Danko with Moses, Prometheus and Jesus Christ. The name Danko is associated with the same-root words "tribute", "dam", "giving". The most important words of a proud, brave man in the legend: “What will I do for people ?!” Many works of classical Russian literature raise the issue of fear of life in its various manifestations. In particular, many works of A.P. are devoted to the theme of fear and cowardice. Chekhov: "Fears", "Cossack", "Champagne", "Beauties", "Lights", "Steppe", "Man in a Case", "Death of an Official", "Ionych", "Lady with a Dog", "Chameleon" , "Ward No. 6", "Fear", "Black Monk", etc. The hero of the story "Fear" Dmitry Petrovich Silin is afraid of everything. According to the author of the story, he is "sick with the fear of life." The hero, according to Chekhov, is frightened by the incomprehensible and incomprehensible. For example, Silin is afraid of terrible events, catastrophes and the most ordinary events. He is afraid of life itself. Everything that is incomprehensible in the world around him is a threat to him. He reflects and tries to find answers to his questions about the meaning of life and human existence. He is convinced that people understand what they see and hear, and he poisons himself daily with his own fear. The hero of the story is always trying to hide and retire. It is as if he is running away from life: he leaves the service in St. Petersburg due to the fact that he experiences feelings of fear and fear, and decides to live alone in his estate. And here he

receives a second hard blow when his wife and friend betray him. When he finds out about the betrayal, fear drives him out of the house: "His hands were trembling, he was in a hurry and looked around at the house, he was probably scared." It is not surprising that the hero of the story compares himself to a newborn midge, whose life consists of nothing but horrors. In the story "Ward No. 6", the theme of fear also comes to the fore. The hero of the story, Andrei Efimovich, is afraid of everything and everyone. Most of all, he is afraid of reality. Nature itself looks terrible to him. The most ordinary things and objects seem frightening: "Here it is reality!" Andrey Efimovich thought. The moon, and the prison, and the nails on the fence, and the distant flame in the bone factory were terrible. The fear of the incomprehensibility of life is presented in the story "The Man in the Case". This fear causes the hero to move away from reality. The hero of the story, Belikov, is constantly trying to "hide from life" in a case. His case is made of circulars and regulations, which he constantly follows. His fear is undefined. He is afraid of everything and at the same time of nothing in particular. The most hated thing for him is not following the rules and deviating from the regulations. Even insignificant little things plunge Belikov into mystical horror. "Reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify this timidity of his, his disgust for the present, he always praised the past and what had never happened; and the ancient languages ​​\u200b\u200bthat he taught , were for him, in essence, the same galoshes and an umbrella where he hid from real life. If Silin, out of fear of life, tries to hide in his estate, then Belikov's fear of life makes him hide in a case of rules and strict laws and, in the end, hide underground forever. The hero of the story "About Love" Alekhine is also afraid of everything and also prefers to hide, secluded in his estate, although he had a good opportunity to engage in literature. He is even afraid of his own love and tortures himself when he overcomes this feeling and loses the woman he loves. The fairy tale by M.E. is dedicated to the problem of fear of life. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Gudgeon". The life of a minnow flashes before the reader, simple in its structure, based on fear of the potential dangers of the world order. The father and mother of the hero lived a long life and died a natural death. And before departing to another world, they bequeathed to the son to be careful, since all the inhabitants of the water world, and even man, in any

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THE THEMATIC DIRECTION OF THE FINAL ESSAY ON LITERATURE "Courage and cowardice" 2017-2018 academic year Melkumyan Zhanna Grigorievna, teacher of the Russian language and literature of the highest category, MOU "Gymnasium No. 17", g.o. Elektrostal

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Literature often makes the reader think about such opposing moral qualities as courage and cowardice, which, meanwhile, are closely related to each other: about the fact that both a coward and a daredevil can live in the same person about the advantages of courage and the depravity of cowardice about readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger about the manifestation of courage and cowardice when solving key life issues that these opposite manifestations of the human personality are most clearly revealed in war Courage and cowardice

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It is impossible to achieve much without courage and risk, and failure is inevitable. Dionysius of Halicarnassus the Brave is not the one who is not afraid, but the brave one who knows how to suppress his cowardice. There can be no other courage. Do you think that going to your death under bullets, under shells means not experiencing anything, not being afraid of anything? No, this precisely means being afraid, and experiencing, and suppressing fear Anton Makarenko

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Etymological Dictionary Courage Cowardice Bold-Obshcheslav.Suf. the derivative of the “dare” is to dare, to dare, to find strength in oneself, courage for something. Dare - Obshcheslav. Pref. derived from the disappeared mark of the same meaning, related to other c. German muot "courage, anger", Latin mos "will, temper", Greek mēnis "anger", etc. Cowardice - Comes from the noun. coward, sorry. *trǫsъ, connection. alternating with *tręsǫ (see shake, shake); i.e. “the one who is shaking”, trembling. In addition, they are compared with Polish. truchliwy “shy” Ilatysh.traušâtiês “to be afraid”

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Interpretation of concepts Courage Cowardice The ability of a person to overcome the feeling of fear and confusion, decisiveness in actions, this is self-confidence, this is the ability to take responsibility and take justified risks for the sake of a specific goal. Mental weakness, the result of which is timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation; it is the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces; it is the unwillingness to incur adverse consequences, someone's wrath out of fear of losing the benefits or social position.

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Synonym Dictionary Courage Cowardice Courage Courage Fearlessness Determination Inflexibility Inflexibility Courage Heroism Courage Fearfulness Fearfulness Cowardice Cowardice Hesitation Indecision Suspiciousness Panic Fear

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Benefits of courage Provides self-confidence Helps to move forward and achieve their goals Respect for the opinions of others and the willingness to defend their ideals The ability to take responsibility The ability to put oneself in danger for a good cause. Courage is the key to success “Courage is the resistance to fear and the control of fear, not the absence of fear.” Mark Twain

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Consequences of cowardice A battle can be lost because of one coward, a war can be lost because of one battle, a country can be lost because of one war. A cowardly person is afraid to try and take risks. Hiding behind other people's backs. He is afraid to tell the truth and be responsible for his thoughts and actions. Resourcefulness, deceit, opportunism, unscrupulousness, selfishness are frequent companions of cowardice Cowardice is a serious flaw that develops into a great vice "Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions" R. Descartes

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Rhetorical questions Why does a person need courage? Do you need courage in love? Can it be argued that courage is the engine of progress? In what situations in life is courage best manifested? Does it take courage to admit your mistakes? Can you cultivate courage? Why is it important to be bold in life? How is willpower related to courage? Does it take courage to say no? What does cowardice lead to? What actions does cowardice push a person to? Who can be called a coward? What is the difference between true courage and false courage? Is it possible to argue that courage and cowardice are two sides of the same coin? How does cowardice affect the formation of personality?

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Proverbs and catchphrases The brave will find where the timid loses The brave will pass through the fire, it will only become stronger Death flees from the brave, and the enemy trembles before the brave The brave respect is a coward-contempt The bold is not the one who is not afraid of death, the bolder is the one who defeats the enemy strives The brave dies once, the coward dies a thousand times The courage of the city takes. Where there is courage, there is victory. The dog only barks at the brave, but bites the coward.

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Proverbs and catch phrases Do not count on the hesitant, do not rely on water. The enemy will run if you don't run. To beat a dead tiger is to pass off cowardice as bravery. One coward - death to the whole army. Those who experience fear see double vision. The coward's sword has neither handle nor blade. Great courage is silent about itself. To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest. A coward is afraid of his own shadow.

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Sayings About Courage and Cowardice Courage Cowardice “Courage is not the absence of fear; to be brave means not to be afraid of your own fear "(Dictionary of Paradoxical Definitions)" A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he should be feared most of all "L. Berne" When you are afraid - act boldly, and you will avoid the worst troubles "G. Sachs "Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions" R. Descartes “Do not confuse courage with impudence and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result” J.J. Rousseau “Fear is a bad mentor” Pliny the Younger “Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity” B. Johnson “Frightened - half defeated” A.V. Suvorov “Courage replaces fortress walls” Sallust Daredevil Fear can make timid, but he gives courage to indecisive. O. Balzac “Courage is not in vain considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the key to other positive qualities”W. Churchill Cowardice can never be moral.M. Gandhi "Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence" M. Twain The coward sends threats only when he is sure of safety.I. Goethe To be brave means to consider everything terrible and close everything that inspires courage. Aristotle In our world, danger always threatens those who are afraid of it. D.B. Shaw

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Can a brave person be afraid? It is human nature to experience fear. The brave is not the one who is not afraid of anything; the brave is afraid, but courageously overcomes his fear, does not give in to it, challenges indecision, faces dangers. Courage is the strength of the spirit, which helps a person overcome fear when doing a dangerous, but important business for people.

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Is it possible to argue that courage and cowardice are two sides of the same coin? All people are woven from contradictions: someone who is considered a coward can, under certain circumstances, act boldly, and, conversely, a brave person can feel fear. Thus, courage and cowardice live side by side. These qualities are inherent in every person. Courage and cowardice as contrasting states of mind

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Approximate topics of essays: 1) The brave will die, but will not retreat 2) How to distinguish cowardice from prudence, and courage from recklessness. 3) Cowardice takes away the mind. Friedrich Engels 4) Courage is the beginning of victory. Plutarch 5) When can cowardice be justified? 6) Does luck really favor the brave? 7) When do you need to be bold? 8) Cowardice - in knowing what to do and not to do it. Confucius 9) Do you agree that courage is cowardice overcome? 10) There is no place for happiness in the souls of the cowardly. M. Cervantes 11) Cowardice is the worst vice. M. Bulgakov

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Selecting an Essay Topic Decide which of the topics seems most specific and understandable to you. Think about which of the relevant works of fiction you know best, because without knowing the text, you will not be able to reveal the topic at all. Remember which of the proposed topics you are familiar with critical literature, with interesting interpretations of the text, modern literary approaches.

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The structure of the final essay: Introduction - in this part, you should work with the antonymic concepts COURAGE / COANY to talk about courage / cowardice, the behavior of a brave / cowardly person Rhetorical questions, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms are also appropriate in the introduction The main part includes argumentation. It should include at least 2 arguments from the literature. For example: A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", a comparison of Grinev and Shvabrin. M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita", the betrayal of Pontius Pilate and retribution for him. You can also include quotes and proverbs. Conclusion - this part should be summed up. The volume of the final essay - from 350 words

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Entry options Courage and cowardice ... What is it? These are two completely opposite manifestations of human character, which manifest themselves in a situation of moral choice. What to do in difficult circumstances: to expose yourself to danger, to maintain self-control, showing will, determination, courage, or to be cowardly, showing your unscrupulousness, cowardice? On the pages of many literary works, various heroes and characters are presented who show both courage and cowardice. Courage... Cowardice.... These concepts are based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

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References for the direction "Courage and cowardice" V. Bykov. "Sotnikov", "Crane cry", "Not listed" 2. L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace" 3. A. S. Pushkin. "The Captain's Daughter" 4. B. Vasiliev. “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” 5. F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment" 6. A.I. Goncharov "Oblomov" 7. M. Sholokhov. "Destiny of Man". "Quiet Flows the Don" 8. M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" 9.N. Kondratiev "Sashka" 10.M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil" 11.V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" 12.I.S. Turgenev "Enemy and friend" 13.A. Green "Winner" 14.D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful" 15.M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri", "A Hero of Our Time" 16. V.K. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow" 17. V.F. Tendryakov "Spring Changelings" 18. O. Wilde "The Picture of Dorian Gray"

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Let's consider the thematic direction "Courage and cowardice" from several positions: Courage and cowardice in war and in extreme conditions; Courage and cowardice in life; Courage and cowardice in love; Courage and cowardice in the minds, souls, characters; Courage and cowardice in the ability to admit the truth or admit one's mistakes.

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Courage and cowardice in war and in extreme conditions "War and Peace" epic novel by Leo Tolstoy In extreme situations, a person is tested for strength, and he manifests himself either as a brave, strong-willed person, or shows his cowardice.

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True and False Courage True Courage False Courage Unselfishness Egoism Ability to perform a heroic deed in the name of the common good Demonstrative heroism for the sake of oneself, one’s own good, one’s career Courage, discipline Self-confidence, putting oneself in the forefront Tushin, Timokhin with soldiers Dolokhov and staff

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True heroism is shown in the war primarily by ordinary people - soldiers, captain Tushin, captain Timokhin and others.

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The small, modest captain Tushin says before the battle that he is afraid of death, but in battle "Tushin did not experience the slightest feeling of fear, and the thought that he could be killed or hurt painfully did not occur to him." Tushin set fire to Shengraben, stopped the movement of the French in the center of the battle with his battery, but did not at all think that he was the hero of "War and Peace" epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy

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"War and Peace" epic novel by Leo Tolstoy One of the heroes of the Shengraben battle is Timokhin. Before the fight, we see an ordinary person, quiet, awkward. There is nothing heroic about his appearance. In battle, he and his company showed courage and endurance. Timokhin is a brave, experienced warrior, his company came to the rescue of the others. And as a result of the battle, they also captured prisoners and trophies.

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Staff officer Zherkov was sent to Tushin's battery to convey Bagration's order to retreat. But Zherkov was afraid to go there, because it was the most dangerous place there. "War and Peace" epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy

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Dolokhov is brave and resolute in battle, but for him war is a way to regain his rank after he was demoted to the rank and file. He is driven by selfish, career goals when he reports his success in battle to the commander and asks to remember his feat. "War and Peace" epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy

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“War and Peace”, an epic novel by Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Rostov, before the battle, is full of a desire to show his courage, but at the sight of people falling from bullets, he became afraid that he might be killed. “It can't be that they want to kill me,” he thinks, running away from the French. Fear of Nikolai Rostov is not fear of the enemy. He is possessed by a "feeling of fear for his happy young life."

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Nikolai Rostov was able to subsequently overcome his cowardice and become a brave officer. The key to his future courage was a short thought: "Yes, I'm a coward." If a man has the courage to call himself a coward; is ashamed of his fear, sooner or later he will overcome it.

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It is not the one who does not feel fear that is brave, but the one who overcomes his fear, curbs it and becomes stronger. MINI OUTPUT

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"Sotnikov" story by V. Bykov The story "Sotnikov" is a discussion about eternal philosophical questions: the price of life and death, cowardice and courage, fidelity to duty and betrayal. A cowardly friend is more dangerous than an enemy. L.N. Tolstoy

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"Sotnikov" story by V. Bykov The main characters of the story - Sotnikov and Rybak - behaved differently in the same circumstances. The fear of death makes Rybak become a policeman, although he hopes to return to the partisan detachment at an opportunity. The fisherman shows cowardice and cowardice, betrays a friend with whom he shared the hardships of military partisan service. Sotnikov chooses a heroic death, because he is a man with a heightened sense of responsibility, duty, the ability not to think about himself, about his own fate, when the fate of the Motherland is being decided.

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“Sasha” Story by V. L. Kondratiev Even on the battlefields, ordinary people can find strength in themselves and remain real people: Sasha does not boast of his courage, he does not even think about cowardice, he simply lives in difficult conditions and remains a man.

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"The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin Cunning is the power of the cowardly. The brave will perish, but will not retreat A brave person can be called a person who remains true to his views to the end, does not retreat even in the face of danger. An example is the story "The Captain's Daughter" and its main character Pyotr Grinev. Courage and cowardice in the minds, souls, characters

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"The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin In this work, two characters are opposed: Grinev and Shvabrin. Grinev showed his courage and courage during the capture of the fortress, he stood to the last and was ready to die. Shvabrin, on the other hand, acted low and mean - he went over to the side of the enemy, and this he showed his cowardice.

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"Mtsyri" M.Yu. Lermontov Mtsyri is an example of the strength of human character. He is a courageous young man. It is better to die in the struggle than to vegetate all your life, realizing the hopelessness of your situation and the impossibility of changing anything. The hero decides on a brave act - an escape from the monastery in the hope of returning to his homeland.

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“Old Woman Izergil” story by M. Gorky To take responsibility for the fate of other people, perhaps weaker ones, is a great courage. Such is Danko - the hero of the legend from Gorky's story.

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"White Poodle" story by A.I. Kuprin Often, anxiety, caring for loved ones helps to become courageous. Seryozha, the hero of A.I.'s story, shows remarkable courage. Kuprin

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"Scarecrow" story by V. Zheleznikov It is difficult to always be brave. Sometimes even strong and honest people can be frightened, as, for example, the hero of the story V.V. Zheleznikova Dima Somov. His character traits, such as "courage", "correctness" distinguish him from other guys. But fear turned him from a "hero" into an ordinary "coward", devalued all his positive qualities. This hero shows us another truth: we are all woven from contradictions. Sometimes we are brave, sometimes we are afraid. But there is a huge gap between fear and cowardice. Cowardice is dangerous, because it pushes a person to bad deeds. And fear is something that is inherent in everyone.

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Unlike all the characters, Lena turns out to be a strong personality: nothing can push her to betrayal. She finds the strength to survive all the insults and betrayals, not to become embittered.

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Courage and cowardice in life "The Wise Gudgeon" Tale of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Cowardice, fear, philistine indifference to everything in the world, except for one's own person, sooner or later deprives human life of any meaning; worldly "wisdom" mortifies in people the mind, honor, conscience.

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"The Wise Gudgeon" Tale of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's "The Wise Minnow" is an instructive story about the dangers of fear. Minnow lived and trembled all his life. He considered himself very smart because he made a cave in which he could be safe, but the downside of this existence was the complete absence of real life. He did not create a family, he did not find friends, he did not breathe deeply, he did not eat his fill, he did not live, he just sat in his hole. He sometimes thought about whether there was any benefit from his existence for someone, he understood that there was not, but fear did not allow him to leave his comfort and safety zone. So the gudgeon died without knowing any joy in life. In this instructive allegory, many people can see themselves. This story teaches us not to be afraid of life. Yes, it is full of dangers and disappointments, but if you are afraid of everything, then when will you live?

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This direction at first glance seems to be the simplest and most unambiguous. But is it?

In the comments on FIPI we read: “This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human “I”: readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to avoid resolving difficult, sometimes extreme life situations.” That is, the experts expect reasoning from the graduate, not kindergarten teasers. It will not be good to write your essay in the style of "It's bad to be a coward, but it's good to be brave." Of course, it is necessary to place accents, but please note that in the commentary courage and cowardice are considered not as traits of character, but as "manifestations" of personality. That is, it is not the characters that should be analyzed, but the actions.

In the introduction, it is necessary to characterize the concept (or concepts, if both are present in the formulation) or argue that everything is not so simple in a person. During the war, many people showed miracles of courage and heroism. But where is the guarantee that one of them was not afraid, for example, of spiders? According to the dictionary definition, a person who is afraid of spiders is a coward. And in the war, he showed courage. How to understand this?

You can imagine, for example, such an introduction: “In different situations, we all show either courage, or cowardice, or determination, or cowardice. Anyone who was not afraid to go with a grenade on tanks, in peacetime, suddenly found himself unable to stand up for a friend. The one who was brave and resolute in a moment of danger, in the face of imminent death, turned into a trembling villain. Each of us will remember situations when the same person was ready to defend a friend in a fight, but not from an unfair accusation. Or vice versa".

An excellent argument in this case would be the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov. Comparing the behavior of the partisans - Rybak and Sotnikov - we see that Rybak is behaving superbly. He is brave, smart, resolute, helps the fool Sotnikov, demonstrates real selflessness. But only while he is in extreme and dangerous, but still not fatal circumstances. And realizing that he will inevitably be killed, Rybak suddenly shows extreme cowardice. He succumbs to the fear of death and betrays his comrades. Sotnikov behaves differently. On the contrary, he shows real heroism and dies without betraying anyone.

Shvabrin ( "The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin)

One can also argue that sometimes cowardly behavior is a conscious position of a person. He just doesn't want to interfere in anything, in principle. In this aspect, one can consider the plays E. Schwartz "Shadow" and "Dragon". They are short, easy to read, so you can sort them out yourself.

Finally, give examples of obvious and undeniable courage and dedication. For example, B. Vasiliev’s “The Fate of a Man”, M. Sholokhov’s “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev”, V. Shalamov’s “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev”, poems by front-line poets.

What is the correct way to enter an argument? It should confirm the thought, and not just be mentioned. Let's take an example.

Wrong: “Various authors write about courage. For example, there are many brave heroes in V. Shalamov's story "Major Pugachev's Last Battle". Let's say it's the main character who bravely escapes from the camp."

Right: “A person who previously behaved bravely may not find the strength in himself to die with dignity, to accept suffering, but not to retreat, not to betray. In V. Shalamov's story "Major Pugachev's Last Battle" we come across an episode in which the author tells about the propaganda of the Vlasovites among prisoners of war. Many already knew that even after escaping from the Nazi death camp, they would be shot or sent to camps on Stalin's orders. And there were those who went over to the side of the Nazis, betraying their homeland and friends. Fear of unjust punishment, fear of shame - that's what those who fought bravely before could not stand. But there were those who remained faithful to the Motherland and the oath. They found the courage to accept what fate had in store for them, but not to turn their weapons against the Fatherland..

In conclusion, we should summarize what has been said. It is best to write about the fact that courage is often born where there is love and the desire to protect the Motherland, loved ones, convictions, honor. In some circumstances, not being able to betray ideals, even a timid and weak person becomes brave and courageous. Courage is not foolish denial of danger. This is the ability to forget about fear for the sake of something especially important, something that cannot be betrayed.

Here are some examples of topics in this area.

Courage is the beginning of victory.

Fear kills the mind.

Why is cowardice dangerous?

What is real courage?

What do you think is brave?

Does a person need fear?

Is courage always a virtue?

Admitting your mistake - is it courage or weakness?

Can a coward be a good friend?

Do you think a brave person can experience fear?

Is there any difference between caution and cowardice?

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Final essay on literature 2018. Theme of the final essay on literature. "Courage and cowardice".

FIPI comment: This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

1. Courage and cowardice as abstract concepts and properties of a person (in a broad sense). Within the framework of this section, you can reflect on the following topics: Courage and cowardice as personality traits, like two sides of the same coin. Courage/cowardice as personality traits conditioned by reflexes. True and false courage/cowardice. Courage as a manifestation of excessive self-confidence. Courage and risk taking. Courage/cowardice and self-confidence. Relationship between cowardice and selfishness. The difference between rational fear and cowardice. The connection between courage and philanthropy, philanthropy, etc.

2. Courage/cowardice in minds, souls, characters. Within this section, you can reflect on the concepts: willpower, fortitude, the ability to say no, the courage to stand up for your ideals, the courage necessary to defend what you believe in. And you can also talk about cowardice, as the inability to defend one's ideals and principles. Courage or cowardice in making decisions. Courage and cowardice when accepting something new. Courage and cowardice when trying to get out of the comfort zone. Courage to admit the truth or admit your mistakes. The influence of courage and cowardice on the formation of personality. Contrasting two types of people.

3. Courage/cowardice in life. Pettiness, inability to show courage in a particular life situation.

4. Courage / cowardice in war and in extreme conditions. War exposes the most basic human fears. In war, a person is able to show previously unknown traits of character. Sometimes a person surprises himself by showing heroism and hitherto unseen fortitude. And sometimes even good people, contrary to their expectations, show cowardice. Within the framework of this section, the concept of heroism, heroism, as well as desertion, betrayal, etc. are associated with courage / cowardice.

5. Courage and cowardice in love.

COURAGE- a positive moral and volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome the fear of something unknown, complex, new by willpower and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The courage of the city takes”. It is also honored as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the truth and objectively assess your capabilities, not be afraid of the dark, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of dignity, a sense of responsibility, security, and reliability of life.

Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting of spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, trouble, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.

cowardice - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, which has taken root in the psychology of people over the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and depressed position of a person, generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Communist morality condemns T., because it leads to immoral acts: to dishonesty, opportunism, unscrupulousness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, enlisting people to take an active part in the construction of the society of the future, man's awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and possibilities, and the subordination of natural and social laws to him contribute to the gradual eradication of technology from the life of individuals and society as a whole.

Synonyms: timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; fearfulness, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice.

Quotes for the final essay 2018 in the direction "Courage and cowardice".

Be brave for the truth

Who dared, he ate (and sat on a horse)

Courage is the beginning of victory. (Plutarch)

Courage, bordering on recklessness, contains more madness than resilience. (M. Cervantes)

When you are afraid - act boldly, and you will avoid the worst troubles. (G. Sachs)

To be utterly devoid of courage, one must be utterly devoid of desire. (Helvetius K.)

It is easier to find such people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain. (J. Caesar)

Who is courageous, he is brave. (Cicero)

Courage should not be confused with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result. (J.J. Rousseau)

Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity. (B. Johnson)

Courage based on prudence is not called recklessness, and the exploits of the reckless should rather be attributed to mere luck than to his courage. (M. Cervantes)

In battle, those are most exposed to danger who are most obsessed with fear; courage is like a wall. (Sallust)

Courage replaces the fortress walls. (Sallust)

To be courageous means to consider everything terrible to be far away and everything that inspires courage to be near. (Aristotle)

Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative. (F. Bacon)

Some show courage without having it, but there is no person who would demonstrate wit if he were not witty by nature. (J. Halifax)

True courage rarely comes without stupidity. (F. Bacon)

Ignorance makes people bold, and reflection makes them indecisive. (Thucydides)

Knowing in advance what you want to do gives you courage and ease. (D. Diderot)

Courage is not in vain considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the key to other positive qualities. (W. Churchill)

Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence. (M. Twain)

Happy is he who boldly takes under his protection what he loves. (Ovid)

Creativity takes courage. (A. Matisse)

It takes a lot of courage to bring bad news to people. (R. Branson)

The success of science is a matter of time and courage of the mind. (Voltaire)

It takes a lot of courage to use your own mind. (E. Burke)

Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to an indecisive one. (O. Balzac)

Man fears only that which he does not know; knowledge conquers all fear. (V. G. Belinsky)

A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he should be feared more than anything. (L. Berne)

There is nothing worse than fear itself. (F. Bacon)

Cowardice can never be moral. (M. Gandhi)

A coward sends threats only when he is sure of safety. (I. Goethe)

You can never live happily when you are trembling with fear all the time. (P. Holbach)

Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions. (R. Descartes)

We consider a coward who allows his friend to be insulted in his presence. (D. Diderot)

Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty. (G. Ibsen)

Who fearfully cares about how not to lose life will never rejoice in it. (I. Kant)

The difference between the brave and the coward is that the former, conscious of the danger, does not feel fear, while the latter feels fear, unaware of the danger. (V. O. Klyuchevsky)

Cowardice is knowing what to do and not doing it. (Confucius)

Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak. (F. Cooper)

A fearful dog barks more than bites. (Curtius)

When fleeing, more soldiers always die than in battle. (S. Lagerlöf)

Fear is a bad teacher. (Pliny the Younger)

Fear arises as a result of impotence of the spirit. (B. Spinoza)

Frightened - half defeated. (A.V. Suvorov)

Cowards speak most of all about courage, and scoundrels speak about nobility. (A.N. Tolstoy)

Cowardice is inertia that prevents us from asserting our freedom and independence in relations with others. (I. Fichte)

Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once. (W. Shakespeare)

To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead. (Bertrand Russell)

Love doesn't mix well with fear. (N. Machiavelli)

You can't love someone you're afraid of, or someone who's afraid of you. (Cicero)

Courage is like love: it needs to feed on hope. (N. Bonaparte)

Perfect love casts out fear, because there is torment in fear; He who fears is not perfect in love. (Apostle John)