When conducting physical exercises, it is necessary to pay special attention to the prevention of injuries.

The actions of the educator related to the prevention of injuries are called insurance. The effect of insurance is achieved by the strictest observance of the principles of education and upbringing. The conditions for preventing injuries are: the systematic nature of classes, the availability of educational material, the strength of mastering it, etc. Injury prevention is also achieved by a reasonable dosage of physical activity, good discipline of children. Rational organization of exercises. But when performing some exercises, there is still a need for insurance (direct prevention of falls, support, retention, etc.). Such insurance must be accompanied by running high jumps, walking on a log, etc.

Preventive measures to prevent injuries are: a preliminary check of places of employment, equipment, safe placement of children when performing physical exercises (distance throwing).

Insurance can be associated with help (when walking on a log, hold the child by the hand). But this should not be abused, so as not to slow down the cultivation of courage, self-control, endurance.

Structure and content.

The structure of physical education includes:

I. Introduction

Target: set up children for classes, organize children, collect attention, prepare the body for more physical activity.

II. Main part.

Target: the formation of motor skills and abilities, the formation of physical qualities

1. General developmental exercises with and without objects.

2. Basic exercises.

3. Mobile game.

III. Final part.

Target: reduce physical activity, sum up.

1. Class types.

Traditional occupation, which can be educational, mixed and variable in nature educational character aimed at familiarization with the new program material (teaching sports games and exercises, familiarity with the rules, content, technique of types of movements, etc.)

Class mixed character promotes the learning of new movements and the improvement of previously mastered. It is built mainly on the repetition of the material covered.

Class variable nature based on well-known material, but with the inclusion of complicated variants of motor tasks (outdoor games, on an obstacle course, in relay races).

Rhythmic gymnastics It is held under musical accompaniment with the inclusion of different types of walking, running, jumping, dance movements. Learning movements in these classes is not carried out, since all program material should be familiar to children. During classes, children develop musical and aesthetic feelings.

Interest class is aimed at the development of motor abilities and creativity of children, where they are given the opportunity to independently choose movements with the proposed benefits. For example, a sports hall can be divided into several game zones, each of which contains different physical education aids;

1st zone: balls of different types and sizes; stuffed (weighing 0.5 kg); massage; tennis: balls, balls, etc.;

2nd zone: hoops of various sizes, rubber rings, skipping ropes, ribbons, skittles, etc.;

3rd zone: obstacle course (gymnastic bench, gymnastic wall, mats, arcs of different sizes, trampolines);

4th zone: simulators of various types ("Bicycle", "Treadmill", disk "Health", children's expander, etc.)

5 zone: set for sports (badminton, towns, tennis, ball),

The teacher offers the children to choose any zone at will and perform arbitrary movements with aids. At the same time, he provides assistance: he reminds how to use the manual, offers variability in completing the task, etc. After 5-6 minutes, a musical signal sounds, and the children change zones, independently choosing any of them. During the lesson, children go through all the play areas.

Training class is aimed at the development of motor and functional abilities of children, includes a large number of cyclic, musical and rhythmic movements, elements of acrobatics, differentiated motor tasks for the development of reaction speed, dexterity and endurance.

game lesson built on the basis of a variety of outdoor games, relay races, games-attractions.

Story-playing lesson contains a holistic plot-game situation that reflects the world around the child in a conditional form; it consists of a variety of imitation movements and exercises of a general developmental impact (“Travel”, “Circus”, “Athletes”, “Zoo”, “Fishermen”, etc.). Such an activity may include various tasks for the development of speech.

Lesson with the use of simulators and sports complexes includes a variety of exercises: hanging, climbing on a rope, pole, gymnastic wall, rope ladder, exercises on Health disks, with expanders, dumbbells, etc. In the classroom, work can be carried out on simulators (“Bicycle”, “Treadmill”, “Rowing”, etc.). It is important that children acquire certain motor skills and abilities, learn how to use simulators on their own, master insurance techniques,

Thematic lesson is carried out according to a special methodology, dedicated to one type of physical exercise: skiing, elements of playing tennis, basketball, badminton. In classes of this type, it is important to achieve a good quality of assignments.

Occupation of a complex nature(synthesizing different types of activities). As a rule, game exercises such as: “Who collected more objects”, “Collect the cubes by color, in pairs, in shape” are used.

Control and verification lesson- a kind of final test aimed at identifying quantitative and qualitative results in the main types of movements and in the development of physical qualities. Group educators and a methodologist participate in such classes. The main goal: to identify errors in the technique of performing movements and eliminate them. Educators draw up protocols for assessing the physical qualities and motor fitness of children in advance, taking into account the coefficient of motor development of each child. During the year, classes of this type are held at least three or four times, preferably at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. The results recorded in the protocols are analyzed, which makes it possible to trace the dynamics of children mastering the main types of movements and the development of physical qualities.

A prerequisite in tourism when overcoming obstacles is safety, which is ensured by thorough physical, technical and tactical training, which allows you to choose the best path, schedule and correctly perform the movement.

In this section, we will focus on safety practices that are mandatory for all tourist athletes. They can be divided into three groups: team insurance, self-insurance, judicial insurance.

Insurance - a set of measures that ensure the detention of a participant in case of a breakdown in a difficult area.

For insurance (self-insurance), harnesses (systems), ropes, carabiners, hooks are used (see the "Equipment" section),

The ropes are fastened with knots. In a variety of situations, you can get by with a relatively small number of knots, but in tying them you need to achieve complete automatism. According to the author, this is a conductor, double conductor, median conductor, figure eight, bowline, brahmshkot, straight, academic, counter, grasping: Prussian, Austrian, Bachmann (carbine), stirrup (see Fig. 8).

Insurance is divided into lower and upper. The bottom belay is when the rope approaches the athlete from below. To reduce the fall distance, the rope can be pulled through carabiners attached to fixed points of support. The belay is called top when the rope comes up to the athlete from above, and the belay point is not below the chest. In this case, the insurer himself can be located below, but the insurer rope passes through a carabiner located above the chest.

Belaying can be done through natural or artificial belay points. Natural points of insurance - a rocky ledge, a stone, a tree. It is necessary that the angle between the rope going by hand and the direction of a possible fall should be no more than 90 °. As the angle decreases to 0°, the effectiveness of the insurance increases.

Artificial points of insurance are rock or ice hooks, loops, railings that transfer forces to hooks, stretched railings along which insurance moves, etc. For the convenience of working with the rope and reducing its abrasion, a carabiner is put on the hooks and loops, sometimes even a carabiner with a block.

Consider the organization of insurance on a rocky distance.

As already mentioned, the points of insurance can be trees growing on a slope, or rocky ledges .. In their absence, you have to drive rocky hooks into cracks. Often at competitions, a standard ice hook is driven in instead of rock pitons. For responsible points of insurance, it is recommended to drive in 2-3 hooks. It is advisable to put on a loop from the main rope for all of the above points of insurance.

When belaying through a rocky ledge, you must first check if there are any sharp corners on it that can cut the rope, or narrow slots into which it can jam. Then, if a rope loop is not put on, the belayer lays the rope over the ledge and becomes facing or sideways to it. If the angle between the ropes is close to 0°, i.e. the friction is high, the rope should be held by the hands on both sides of the ledge; if the angle is about 90 ° - then on the one hand. The same applies to belaying through a tree. When belaying through a carabiner, the rope is held on one side with both hands, no closer than 0.5 m from the carabiner.

The points of insurance must be positioned so that there is no pendulum in the event of a fall. Therefore, when traversing or moving at a large angle to the vertical, belay is used through a carabiner sliding along the railing rope. To move the carabiner, you can use another rope. The method of pulling a safety carabiner can be used.

Judge's upper belay on the rocks is organized not only for competitions, but also for the preparation of the distance. At the same time, it is advisable to hang a carbine at the top, and place the belayer himself at the bottom: it is more convenient to correct his actions, and it is better for him to work. A carabiner is attached at the feet of the insurer, through which the rope passes. If it is more convenient to place the belayer at the top, then the rope should be passed not through the block, but through the carabiner. When changing the direction of movement, points of change of the referee are possible. insurance, but there should be fewer such points, because when changing referee insurance, confusion may arise in a hurry, and the athlete will be left without insurance. Therefore, in judicial insurance, the above-described method of insurance through a sliding carabiner and the method of pulling a safety carabiner are often used.

Crossing insurance. When crossing the ford of the first person, it is necessary to make the so-called mustache. For the rest, railings can be stretched later. The scheme of the organization of the crossing is shown in fig. 11. It should be emphasized that the rope is attached to a carabiner sliding along the chest harness. In addition to the safety rope, a second rope must be attached to the athlete - for pulling in the event of a breakdown (transportation). It is desirable that the angle between the ropes be equal to 90 °.

Rice. 11. Wade insurance:
1 - safety rope; 2 - transport

When crossing stones across a narrow river, one safety rope is enough.

When arranging a hanging crossing, an additional safety rope hangs over the working rope along which the team and cargo are transported, pulled by the team or judges.

Clarifications on insurance at individual stages are given in their description.

It should be emphasized that all types of belay must be carried out in gloves, because during a fall, the rope slips, which can lead to injury to the belayer's hands.

To facilitate the work of the athlete and the insurer, there are well-established commands. Before the start of the movement, the athlete should ask: "Is the insurance ready?" If the spotter is ready to belay, he answers: "Ready!", And after the command "Go!" movement begins. During the movement, the belayer fixes the amount of remaining rope and, starting from 5 m, after each meter announces, for example: "3 m left!". Athlete's response: "Understood!"

Self-insurance. The belayer must attach the rope coming from the chest harness to a ledge, hook, noose, tree, located on the side opposite the intended fall. It is desirable that the place of attachment of the self-insurance was higher than the shoulders. The lanyard rope may have some slack. Fastening the insurance and self-insurance to one hook is not allowed.

The end of the belay rope must be secured. A special case of self-insurance is movement along vertical or horizontal railings. When climbing vertical railings, self-insurance is provided by a grasping knot, and when descending, by a grasping knot, even when using technical means such as eights and slingshots. In these cases, the grasping knot is higher.

It should be remembered that in sections equipped with vertical railings, where an injury is possible during a fall, regardless of the use (according to the Conditions) of the grasping knot, an upper belay is required: for the first one, when lifting, as a rule, judicial, for the rest of the participants, a team one is possible.

When moving along horizontal railings on a rocky slope or at a crossing, you need to fasten yourself to them with a carabiner. Only one athlete can be between fixed points of the railing. When moving down the inclined railing - if the Conditions provide for the use of a grappling knot - in the opinion of the author, the knot is moved above the participant with a hand covering the railing above the knot.

Insurance should be understood as a set of funds used during gymnastics classes in order to prevent sports injuries. But this does not exhaust the content of the concept of insurance. Due to the continuous increase in the complexity of gymnastic exercises, it becomes an integral part of the teaching and training methodology. Reliable insurance creates favorable conditions for confident performance of the most difficult exercises. Insurance- this is the readiness of the teacher or trainer to provide timely assistance to the performer of the exercise in case of an unsuccessful attempt.

One of the most important methodological methods of teaching gymnastic exercises is help. It contributes to a faster mastering of the technical complexity of gymnastic exercises, helps the gymnast to create the correct motor representation and form a skill. Help should be provided skillfully, choosing the right moment and applying the necessary physical effort. Skillfully rendered assistance gives the student self-confidence. As the student masters specific exercises, the help from the teacher decreases to its complete cessation. The main types of physical assistance include "wiring" along the path of movement, pushing, support.

"Wiring" along the way is a form of assistance from the beginning of the exercise to its end. Efforts of the teacher, trainer should correspond to the nature of the exercise and the degree of mastery of it by the student.

Using "wiring", the teacher should not completely replace the actions of the student himself.

Nudge - short-term assistance provided by the teacher during the execution of the individual most critical phases of the movement.

Support- one of the important methodological methods of helping those involved. Support is used when the student is in the initial, intermediate and final positions, and the ability to make one's efforts is not yet sufficiently developed. Using support as a teaching technique, the teacher, the coach hold the body of the gymnast, fixing it in the appropriate position. Support is used during both dynamic and static exercises. For example, support is an important methodological technique for learning to swing with an arc with a turn on the crossbar or bars of different heights, turning around in a swoop forward on parallel bars. It is very important to fix the position of the body at the highest point. Support is also used during complex static exercises - resting the arms to the sides on the rings (“cross”) or horizontal hangs and stops in front and behind on the rings and parallel bars. In these cases, support is used to facilitate the exercise and fix the body in the desired position.

The share of different methods of insurance and assistance depends on the nature of the exercise being studied, the individual characteristics of the gymnast, the level of his physical and technical readiness, as well as the individual characteristics of the insurer (height, physical strength, reaction speed, etc.). As the level of technical and physical fitness increases, assistance, guidance and support are reduced, and then stopped, replacing it with insurance. It should be remembered that self-execution of exercises is an effective method of educating gymnasts of confidence, courage, determination and other moral and volitional qualities, therefore, students should not be overly patronized and deprive them of any independence, it is necessary to intelligently and skillfully apply methods of preventing injuries.

In order to apply correctly insurance tricks and help, you need to know and strictly adhere to the following requirements:

• 1) during classes, explain to students where there may be breakdowns and what needs to be done if the exercise fails;
• 2) know well the technique of exercises, choose the right place for insurance, without interfering with the gymnast;
• 3) during the performance of a whole combination or connection, change one's place according to the form and nature of the exercise;
• 4) choose the right methods and techniques of insurance and assistance, taking into account the nature of the exercises, the level of physical and technical fitness of the gymnast;
• 5) take into account the individual characteristics of the gymnast;
• 6) during the insurance it is impossible to use any unstable stands;
• 7) widely use manual and suspension belts-lounges, simulators, foam pits for insurance (the latter currently occupy a leading place in the educational and training process);
• 8) apply individual and group insurance as needed;
• 9) to avoid petty and superfluous guardianship, to educate students in independence and strong-willed qualities.

self-insurance- an important element of the training process of gymnasts. This is the ability of the gymnast to make timely decisions and independently get out of dangerous situations that may arise during exercises. The gymnast may stop or modify the exercise to relieve the force of the fall during the fall. For example, while performing a handstand or shoulder stand on the uneven bars, in the event of a forward fall, the gymnast must do a somersault into a gray leg apart.

The higher the level of coordination abilities and dexterity development, the easier the gymnast masters self-insurance techniques. Each teacher from the very beginning of gymnastics classes should educate students in self-insurance skills. These tasks can be solved with the help of acrobatic exercises. It is necessary to teach students to do somersaults back and forth from any position. This makes it possible during an unsuccessful jump or fall to facilitate landing by performing a somersault. Self-insurance plays a special role at the later stages of educational and training work, when the gymnast performs exercises on his own.

”, designed to help those tourists who are moving in their development from the category of “light trekking” to the category of “serious tourism” with elements of extreme tourism. If you already want to visit places with difficult terrain, overcome routes with climbing elements on rocks, difficult crossings over rivers and ravines, go in for mountaineering, caving in difficult caves, canyoning, then sooner rather than later you will face the need for insurance.

Belaying in the mountains involves the use of equipment that prevents you from falling out of control and reduces the likelihood of serious injury on difficult terrain. At the moment, there are both ways to overcome the most incredible obstacles at first glance, as well as equipment that facilitates this process. In this article, we will look at the most basic, basic equipment that is used in most types of extreme activity.

Also known as "strapping", "system", "gazebo". It is a design, usually adjustable in size, that is worn over clothing and is sewn from a very strong sling or alternative materials. For adjustment, special buckles are used. Often, the belay system has a soft eye for attaching a rope, self-insurance, carabiner, as well as loops for attaching special equipment “at hand”. These are the so-called "unloading loops". They ARE NOT power, designed for a load of about 10 kg and cannot be used for insurance!

The main task of the safety system is to reliably keep the user who has fallen or is resting from falling. This is achieved by securing a person with the help of special devices on a rope, cable, safety point (hook, safety eye, loop, railing, etc.).

The concept of dynamic and static load.

Most special safety equipment is certified for loads of 22kN or more. Why should our belay system withstand a load of 2200kg, if the user's weight, as a rule, does not exceed 100kg? It's all about those physical laws that we were drummed into our heads with varying degrees of success at school. If we just hang on the rope, then the load on it and the system will approximately equal our weight. This is a static load. But during a stall, when the body moves with acceleration, the jerk can exceed our weight by many times. This is the dynamic load. It is for this that a significant margin of safety of all safety elements is required.

The life and health of a person depends on safety equipment, therefore reliability is the first and main criterion in its manufacture and use. All means of insurance are subject to mandatory certification according to generally accepted international standards. So, when buying equipment from a well-known company in a store, you can no longer worry about its reliability. The main condition is to use the equipment for its intended purpose! Therefore, the main selection criterion can be functionality, convenience, weight, compactness and, of course, price.

Types of safety systems.

By design, there are three main types.

It is worn and attached to the belt and upper thighs. At the moment, this is the most common and versatile design. It is used in most types of extreme activity and has many options. However, the basic elements in the design are similar in most models.

The most versatile are systems that have adjustments not only for the waist, but also for the leg loops with the help of special buckles. True, such designs are somewhat heavier and more expensive. So, if you choose a system only for yourself, you are not going to lose weight or gain 20 kg, then it makes sense to look at a simplified version without “leg” buckles. However, keep in mind that such a design will be more difficult to put on / take off through boots and on high-altitude warm clothes, such as down and storm pants. So, it makes sense to think about the scope.

Advantages: ease of use, lightness, compactness, simplicity of design, availability of budget models, prevalence.

Flaws: in some cases it cannot provide the necessary level of security, it requires certain skills from the user.

What does this mean? Sometimes, during a breakdown, a person, as a result of a jerk in such a system, can tip over head first, especially if he has a backpack on his shoulders. Also, in severe falls, the lower harness alone cannot adequately compensate for the energy of the jerk, often resulting in traumatic consequences for the user.

"Upper system", "chest harness"

It is worn on the torso and, due to the specifics of the design and appearance, is often called jokingly a “bra”.

In the early days of mountaineering and mountain tourism, the chest harness was the main and often the only way to belay a climber. If you don't believe me, watch the movie "Vertical". Nowadays, the chest harness is an addition to the lower system in conditions that present a real danger of a serious breakdown for the user.

Advantages: compact, lighter than the bottom harness, increases safety, especially when moving with a large backpack. Also, the upper system allows you to place the increased amount of special equipment on serious routes with great convenience.

Flaws: usually not used independently, usually complements the lower one. Use in combination with the lower strapping requires some experience.

In fact, "two in one" - combines both of the above options. It is used where the most reliable insurance is required - difficult mountaineering, speleology, industrial mountaineering, and many other types of extreme extreme activity.

Main advantage- Greater ease of use, less bulky compared to top + bottom combination. It is impossible to forget or leave part of the insurance in the camp. Provides maximum security. Recommended for children.

Flaws- more weight than only the lower system, more difficult to put on and take off, especially in combination with warm outerwear, say, on high-altitude ascents.

In non-professional use, the "lower systems" are most widely used. As a rule, in most cases, you will encounter exactly them - both when buying in stores and at rentals in all corners of the world.

Self-insurance.

It should be understood that the safety system itself will not yet provide you with safety while moving on difficult terrain. It is just one link in the safety chain designed to provide arrest in the event of a breakdown and peace of mind during movement / rest.

In this article, we will take a closer look at another important element for a beginner - self-insurance. As a rule, the use of a self-insurance mustache after a short training by the instructor (at best) is entrusted to the participant himself and is done by him at his own peril and risk. Therefore, it will be useful to learn more about it.

The self-insurance mustache is a small piece of rope, or slings with loops at the ends (sometimes also along the entire length) for the possibility of quickly attaching to the power line (eye) of the safety system on one side and the point of insurance (hook, brace, railing, rope, anything else) on the other. In other words, self-belay is the most reliable safety bridge between you (in the belay system) and the anchor point. One of the basic commands in mountaineering sounds short: "self-belay!" This means that the participant is safe and does not need to be insured.

The main types of safety mustaches.

The easiest and most common option for beginners (and not only). Can be made on site from any piece of certified climbing rope of suitable length.

advantage its is relative cheapness, simplicity, reliability, wear resistance and the ability to adjust the length for specific tasks, and, if necessary, reduce it.

disadvantage can be considered relatively large weight and large volume occupied. A certain amount of manipulation is also needed - two high-quality knots, which are best entrusted to a connoisseur. Of course, ready-made rope lanyards with fixed knots are sold. And even with the ability to change the length (even more cumbersome).

In a wide range of climbing there are so-called "power loops" of a number of fairly standard sizes (lengths). From a loop of suitable size, you can make a self-insurance mustache by simple (for the instructor) manipulations. Currently available are loops made from ultra-lightweight and ultra-strong materials, such as Dyneema, which can significantly reduce the weight and volume of equipment.

Advantage- weight, compactness. Multifunctionality - if necessary, the loop can then be used as a loop)).

The most desired option. Often it is the same loop, but already stitched in the necessary way and having power loops throughout, allowing you to arbitrarily change the length depending on the need, which is very convenient.

It is important to note that for many situations it is necessary to have two mustaches of self-insurance - this is necessary in order to change the points of insurance by flipping the mustache in turn - thus, not to be left without insurance for a second.

"Branded" lanyards are often a mustache forked like a snake tongue. One is usually longer than the other for convenience.

Fastening the self-belay to the belay system and external belay elements.

Specialized lanyards made from a loop are usually attached to the system with a simple loop. This is the most reliable and does not require any additional elements.

Often, a lanyard is attached to the system with the help of a special device used to fasten two (sometimes more) elements together. Carabiners are also used to attach the mustache to external safety elements.

IMPORTANT! To secure self-insurance, it is allowed to use ONLY carabiners with a locking tongue with a special sleeve preventing the possibility of unexpected disclosure!

Lanyard for Via Ferrata routes. shock absorbers.

Little known in our country, but widespread in many countries of the world (mostly developed, since they require significant resources for the implementation) require a special self-insurance with a shock absorber to pass.

Via Ferrata - in Italian "iron path" - are specially equipped routes passing through very difficult terrain - often on vertical and smooth rocks. In fact, they allow people with minimal mountain training to climb into places accessible only to top-class professionals. In addition, these routes are among the safest in the mountains with the right equipment. This is achieved by equipping the entire route with reliable and frequent belay points, in difficult areas, the belay of the climber is continuous. The routes of Via Ferrata have their own special division into levels of difficulty.

Most of them are equipped not only with safety points, but also with special steps or metal (rarely wooden) brackets for a calm ascent.

For safe movement on such routes, you must have:

Helmets, harness, special lanyard with two mustaches and shock absorber.

The shock absorber is absolutely necessary in case of breakdowns at short distances of the climber's fastening in relation to the insurance point, as a rule, in the absence of a rope, which, by stretching, itself plays the role of a shock-absorbing element. The most common use of energy absorbers is in industrial climbing and on Via Ferrata routes.

Usually it is a sling sewn in a special way with an accordion. The specially calculated strength of the seam under heavy loads leads to its gradual tearing, which creates the necessary damping effect.

Naturally, with such a design of the shock absorber, after a serious breakdown, which entailed a rupture (partial or complete) of the shock-absorbing seam, it must be replaced.

There are other options for shock absorbers, but they are less common.

When choosing a safety system, proceed primarily from the expected conditions for its use. If you are at a loss with the choice of conditions, buy the most versatile model. At the same time, remember that the more universal a thing is, the more (as a rule) it will lose with special use to specialized models.

Size. Check with the seller (rental worker) for the size of the system. There are separate designs made according to the “one size” principle, yet most “serious” products are divided into several sizes, labeled like clothes - S, M, XL. As a rule, finer gradations in size are compensated by the adjustment possibilities.

Safety systems are adjusted using special buckles designed for high loads. Now it is already difficult to find designs equipped with conventional single buckles on sale, mainly the so-called “double lock” is found - double buckles that facilitate adjustment.

It is advisable to choose a model with unloading loops for equipment - at least two - for the right and left hand. This happens to be very convenient.

In all devices related to security, I propose to follow the principle - avoid new, untested, too innovative designs. Let others check them, use what you can be sure of.

If a long (more than a few minutes) partial or complete hanging in a belay system is expected, hang in it first in a store (rental) for a considerable time. Not all systems are created equal.

Try to choose products from well-known manufacturers. Savings must be reasonable.

If possible, take seriously the choice of special equipment. Remember that its use should be learned, preferably from professionals. Seek advice from experienced people, instructors, ask questions. Take care of yourself and the people around you, take a responsible approach to the topic of safety on your trips. Advance in your "extreme growth" gradually, from simple to complex, and the world in your travels will reveal a lot more amazing and beautiful.

One of the most important methodological methods of teaching gymnastic exercises is help.

Help- direct participation of the insurer in facilitating the exercise. The main task of assistance is to create the appropriate conditions for the rapid mastery of the technique of the exercise being studied. Help should be used skillfully, at the right time and with the necessary effort. It is impossible to do all the work for the gymnast, since he does not have the necessary skills to master the exercise. As the skills are mastered, physical assistance decreases to its complete cessation.

Wiring is a form of assistance from the beginning of the exercise to its end. The efforts of the coach must match the correct actions of the student during the exercise.

nudge- This is a short-term help during the exercise.

Support is one of the most important ways to help. It lies in the fact that the coach supports the body of the gymnast, fixing it in the appropriate position. Support is used during both dynamic and static exercises. Example (swing with an arc with a turn on the crossbar, a circle turn on the uneven bars with a forward swing). It is important to fix the position of the body at the highest point. When resting the arms to the sides (cross). As the level of technical and physical training increases, assistance, guidance and support are reduced, and then completely stopped, replacing them with insurance. When a gymnast reaches a high level of sportsmanship and confidently masters the compulsory and free programs, it is even advisable to remove the insurance.

In order to properly apply the methods of insurance and assistance, you must know and strictly adhere to the following requirements:

1. During classes, explain to students where there may be breakdowns and what needs to be done if the exercises fail.

2. Know well the technique of exercises, choose the right place for insurance, without interfering with the gymnast.

3. During the execution of a whole combination or connection, change your place according to the form and nature of the exercise.

4. Choose the right methods and techniques of insurance and assistance, taking into account the nature of the exercise, the level of physical and technical fitness of the gymnast.

5. Take into account the individual characteristics of the gymnast.

6. During the belay, you can not use any unstable stands.

7. Widely use hand and suspension belts for belaying - lounges, simulators, foam rubber pits. The latter currently occupies a leading place in the training
process.

8. Apply individual and group methods of insurance to the extent necessary.

9. Avoid petty superfluous guardianship, educate students in independence and strong-willed qualities.

Self-insurance is a very important element of the training process of gymnasts. This is the ability of the gymnast to make timely decisions and independently get out of dangerous situations that may arise during the exercise. The gymnast may stop or modify the exercise to prevent injury or relieve the force of a fall during a fall.

The training of gymnasts in insurance and assistance is an integral part of the educational and training process. Each gymnast must learn to insure and help a friend during the study of complex gymnastic exercises. Helping a friend, the gymnast is more thoughtful about the learning process, trying to understand the technique and structure of the exercise.

Training in insurance techniques is carried out in parallel with the mastery of gymnastic exercises. The teacher, having explained and shown the exercise, immediately shows how to insure and help during the performance of this exercise and attracts students to this.

The formation of skills of insurance and assistance should be carried out under the strict supervision of the teacher with a conscious and serious attitude of the athlete.

First, the teacher insures, and the student acts as an understudy. As the students master the skills of insurance and assistance, they perform the main insurance, and the teacher duplicates them.

In some cases, when the execution of the exercises is safe, you can trust the students to independently insure each other. Self-insurance significantly increases the responsibility of students and is a reliable protection against injuries.

When teaching methods of insurance and assistance, it is necessary to draw the attention of students to the strict observance of all safety requirements and other measures to prevent injuries.